{ "title": "Who Speaks to Whom", "source": "/poem/", "retrieved": "2026-10-22", "method": "A curated selection of addressed passages in A8, B8, B9, C2 and C8. Each record is an excerpted speech or message, not a count of all speaking turns or words. Direct speech runs speaker to listener; letters and relayed messages run author to addressee. Narrative reports, thoughts, prayers and nested quotations are not independently expanded into edges. Groups are editorial navigation, not exhaustive genealogy or allegiance.", "houses": [ { "id": "kabul", "name": "Kabul’s household", "color": "#8a7398" }, { "id": "sistan", "name": "Sistan’s champions", "color": "#a85d49" }, { "id": "iran", "name": "Iranian royal court", "color": "#a88444" }, { "id": "turan", "name": "Turanian royal court", "color": "#427b80" }, { "id": "keshvad", "name": "Keshvad’s line", "color": "#ac7859" }, { "id": "lohrasp", "name": "Lohrasp’s royal line", "color": "#827c45" }, { "id": "samangan", "name": "Samangan’s household", "color": "#65769a" } ], "people": [ { "id": "rudabeh", "name": "Rudabeh", "house": "kabul", "note": "Daughter of Mehrab and Sindokht. Her own words to Zal open the private conversations in this selection.", "woman": true }, { "id": "sindokht", "name": "Sindokht", "house": "kabul", "note": "Rudabeh’s mother. She addresses Sahm herself, first presenting herself as Mehrab’s envoy and then disclosing her identity.", "woman": true }, { "id": "zal", "name": "Zal", "house": "sistan", "note": "Sahm’s son, Rudabeh’s beloved and Rostam’s father. A letter and an in-person appeal to Sahm remain separate records.", "woman": false }, { "id": "sahm", "name": "Sahm", "house": "sistan", "note": "Father of Zal. He receives petitions from Zal and Sindokht and corresponds with Manuchehr.", "woman": false }, { "id": "rostam", "name": "Rostam", "house": "sistan", "note": "Son of Zal. The selection follows his private conversations, royal confrontations and exchanges with Esfandiyar.", "woman": false }, { "id": "manuchehr", "name": "Manuchehr", "house": "iran", "note": "Shah addressed by Sahm in a letter concerning Zal’s marriage.", "woman": false }, { "id": "kay_kavus", "name": "Kay Kavus", "house": "iran", "note": "Father of Siavash. His correspondence with his son is separate from his direct exchanges with champions.", "woman": false }, { "id": "siavash", "name": "Siavash", "house": "iran", "note": "Son of Kay Kavus. His letter asks whether to cross the Jihun; the reply is its own record.", "woman": false }, { "id": "kay_khosrow", "name": "Kay Khosrow", "house": "iran", "note": "Author of the letter summoning Rostam to rescue Bijan; Giv carries that letter.", "woman": false }, { "id": "afrasiab", "name": "Afrasiab", "house": "turan", "note": "Shah of Turan, addressed by counselor, brother and daughter. Recording their statements does not endorse their claims.", "woman": false }, { "id": "piran", "name": "Piran", "house": "turan", "note": "Turanian counselor. His plea to welcome Siavash is direct speech to Afrasiab.", "woman": false }, { "id": "garsivaz", "name": "Garsivaz", "house": "turan", "note": "Afrasiab’s brother. His private allegations against Siavash are identified as allegations, not narrator-confirmed facts.", "woman": false }, { "id": "farangis", "name": "Farangis", "house": "turan", "note": "Afrasiab’s daughter and Siavash’s wife. Her plea is addressed directly to her father.", "woman": true }, { "id": "manijeh", "name": "Manijeh", "house": "turan", "note": "Afrasiab’s daughter and Bijan’s beloved. She addresses Rostam without initially knowing the merchant’s identity.", "woman": true }, { "id": "gudarz", "name": "Gudarz", "house": "keshvad", "note": "Champion who rebukes Kavus after Rostam’s departure.", "woman": false }, { "id": "giv", "name": "Giv", "house": "keshvad", "note": "Bijan’s father and bearer of Kay Khosrow’s letter. His own appeal to Rostam is separate from that letter.", "woman": false }, { "id": "bijan", "name": "Bijan", "house": "keshvad", "note": "Giv’s captive son. Questions and an apology to Manijeh are recorded as distinct moments.", "woman": false }, { "id": "goshtasb", "name": "Goshtasb", "house": "lohrasp", "note": "Father of Esfandiyar. His commands and his son’s remonstrance are recorded separately.", "woman": false }, { "id": "katayun", "name": "Katayun", "house": "lohrasp", "note": "Esfandiyar’s mother. She warns him against the mission to bind Rostam.", "woman": true }, { "id": "esfandiyar", "name": "Esfandiyar", "house": "lohrasp", "note": "Son of Goshtasb. He speaks to his parents, to Bahman, and to Rostam both through an envoy and in person.", "woman": false }, { "id": "bahman", "name": "Bahman", "house": "lohrasp", "note": "Esfandiyar’s son and envoy. His own report about Rostam is distinct from the message he carries.", "woman": false }, { "id": "tahmineh", "name": "Tahmineh", "house": "samangan", "note": "Daughter of Samangan’s king and mother of Sohrab. She speaks as lover and as a mother identifying her son’s father.", "woman": true }, { "id": "sohrab", "name": "Sohrab", "house": "samangan", "note": "Son of Rostam and Tahmineh. He asks his mother and later his unrecognized father about identity.", "woman": false } ], "relationships": [ { "id": "sp01", "source": "rudabeh", "target": "zal", "type": "direct", "thread": "love", "scene": "A welcome from the roof", "note": "Rudabeh calls to Zal from the roof. The words are hers, addressed to the approaching champion.", "via": null, "ref": "A8.5.3", "evidence": [ { "id": "A8.5.3", "lines": [ "Meanwhile Rudabeh, rosy-cheeked and bright,", "A cypress bathed beneath the moon’s full light," ] }, { "id": "A8.5.4", "lines": [ "Ascended to the roof with watchful gaze,", "She marked the son of Sahm through evening haze." ] }, { "id": "A8.5.5", "lines": [ "She loosed her coral lips and called his name:", "“O noble youth, welcome, to love’s own flame!" ] }, { "id": "A8.5.6", "lines": [ "May Heaven’s blessing rest upon your head,", "And happy fortune on your pathways spread." ] }, { "id": "A8.5.7", "lines": [ "May lofty heaven bow beneath your feet,", "And may your coming make this moment sweet." ] }, { "id": "A8.5.8", "lines": [ "May she who praised you live in joy and cheer;", "From head to foot, as told, you now appear." ] }, { "id": "A8.5.9", "lines": [ "To come on foot from out your lordly place", "Must weary well a prince of such high grace.”" ] } ] }, { "id": "sp02", "source": "zal", "target": "rudabeh", "type": "direct", "thread": "love", "scene": "A vow despite their fathers", "note": "Zal tells Rudabeh that opposition from Manuchehr and Sahm will not break his pledge.", "via": null, "ref": "A8.5.43", "evidence": [ { "id": "A8.5.43", "lines": [ "Then spoke the prince: “O silver-bosomed fair,", "O swaying cypress, musk within your hair," ] }, { "id": "A8.5.44", "lines": [ "Though Manuchehr should hear and answer no,", "He will not bless the path on which we go." ] }, { "id": "A8.5.45", "lines": [ "And Sahm will roar and rise against me still,", "But none of this can bend my heart or will." ] }, { "id": "A8.5.46", "lines": [ "I count as little now this life and breath;", "For you I take my shroud and welcome death." ] }, { "id": "A8.5.47", "lines": [ "Before the Just I bind myself and swear:", "I shall not break the covenant we share." ] }, { "id": "A8.5.48", "lines": [ "To God I pray that hearts opposed may bend,", "And all the wrath between our houses end." ] }, { "id": "A8.5.49", "lines": [ "And if He grants what faithful hearts implore,", "You shall be mine, my bride for evermore.”" ] } ] }, { "id": "sp03", "source": "rudabeh", "target": "zal", "type": "direct", "thread": "love", "scene": "The answering vow", "note": "Rudabeh answers Zal’s pledge with her own. This is a later passage than the greeting.", "via": null, "ref": "A8.5.50", "evidence": [ { "id": "A8.5.50", "lines": [ "Rudabeh answered: “By the Just, the True,", "No man shall ever claim me, none but you." ] }, { "id": "A8.5.51", "lines": [ "Let God bear witness to this vow I make:", "No other lord shall my allegiance take," ] }, { "id": "A8.5.52", "lines": [ "Except Zal-e-Zar, the Pahlevan of fame,", "With crown and treasure, farr and noble name.”" ] } ] }, { "id": "sp04", "source": "zal", "target": "sahm", "type": "letter", "thread": "family", "scene": "A son writes of love", "note": "Zal’s letter asks Sahm’s permission to marry Rudabeh. The arrow identifies the author and addressee; the scribe does not become the author.", "via": null, "ref": "A8.7.1", "evidence": [ { "id": "A8.7.1", "lines": [ "The young prince summoned then a ready scribe,", "Poured out his heart, and let his thoughts describe" ] }, { "id": "A8.7.2", "lines": [ "A letter filled with counsel, care, and plea;", "He praised the Maker first in dignity:" ] }, { "id": "A8.7.20", "lines": [ "Now something has befallen me that I", "Cannot make known to every passing eye." ] }, { "id": "A8.7.21", "lines": [ "A son may speak what others must not hear;", "A father, fierce male dragon, lends his ear." ] }, { "id": "A8.7.22", "lines": [ "My grief is love for Mehrab’s daughter fair;", "Her memory pursues me everywhere." ] }, { "id": "A8.7.23", "lines": [ "I burn within as though consumed by fire;", "The stars keep vigil through my fierce desire." ] }, { "id": "A8.7.24", "lines": [ "My heart is storm-tossed, and my senses numb;", "My people grieve to see what I become." ] }, { "id": "A8.7.25", "lines": [ "Yet though distressed, I breathe not without leave;", "Command me, and I act; forbid, I grieve." ] }, { "id": "A8.7.26", "lines": [ "What does the chief of champions decree?", "Release my mind from doubt and misery." ] }, { "id": "A8.7.27", "lines": [ "The Mobad’s counsel brought the jewel to light:", "‘Hide it no more, but act in honor’s sight.’" ] }, { "id": "A8.7.28", "lines": [ "Perhaps my father, in his wisdom, may", "Approve the course I long to take this way," ] }, { "id": "A8.7.29", "lines": [ "To take as lawful bride, with honor’s claim,", "The daughter born and raised in Mehrab’s name." ] }, { "id": "A8.7.30", "lines": [ "He will recall, when God restored me then", "From Mount Alborz before assembled men," ] }, { "id": "A8.7.31", "lines": [ "He pledged his word; no wish of mine denied;", "That vow still holds, both sealed and ratified." ] }, { "id": "A8.7.32", "lines": [ "And this alone is what my heart desires:", "To bind my life where now my soul aspires.”" ] } ] }, { "id": "sp05", "source": "zal", "target": "sahm", "type": "direct", "thread": "family", "scene": "Justice for everyone but his son", "note": "In Sahm’s presence, Zal confronts his father with his abandonment and asks that Kabul be spared. This is distinct from his earlier letter.", "via": null, "ref": "A8.13.19", "evidence": [ { "id": "A8.13.19", "lines": [ "Thus to Sahm’s court they came with spirits clear;", "The chief dismounted; Zal was summoned near." ] }, { "id": "A8.13.20", "lines": [ "He bowed and kissed the ground before his sire,", "His eyes with tears, his heart alive with fire." ] }, { "id": "A8.13.21", "lines": [ "He blessed his father, while from narcissus eyes", "His tears washed roses under sorrowed skies:" ] }, { "id": "A8.13.22", "lines": [ "“May joy attend our Pahlevan each day;", "May justice ever light his heart and way." ] }, { "id": "A8.13.27", "lines": [ "All people through your justice live in cheer;", "Yet I alone receive no justice here." ] }, { "id": "A8.13.28", "lines": [ "A bird-reared, dust-eating man am I;", "No equal have I underneath the sky." ] }, { "id": "A8.13.29", "lines": [ "I know no crime that I have done or planned,", "No man has rightful grievance at my hand," ] }, { "id": "A8.13.30", "lines": [ "Except that mighty Sahm himself is sire;", "If skill is mine, it springs from such a fire." ] }, { "id": "A8.13.31", "lines": [ "Right at my birth, you cast me from your side,", "And left me on the mountains bare and wide." ] }, { "id": "A8.13.32", "lines": [ "You cast my grieving mother into pain,", "And gave her growing child to fire’s reign." ] }, { "id": "A8.13.33", "lines": [ "No cradle knew I, nor my mother’s breast;", "No kinsman stood beside me, gave me rest." ] }, { "id": "A8.13.34", "lines": [ "You bore me to the mountain, cast me bare,", "And tore my heart from comfort, ease, and care." ] }, { "id": "A8.13.35", "lines": [ "You made war on the World-Creator’s right:", "‘Why has He made one black, another white?’" ] }, { "id": "A8.13.43", "lines": [ "To ruin now the prosperous house I made;", "Is this the justice I am to be paid?" ] }, { "id": "A8.13.44", "lines": [ "Behold, alive before you here I stand;", "My living body waits upon your hand." ] }, { "id": "A8.13.45", "lines": [ "Saw me in two across the waist instead;", "But speak no more of Kabul when I am dead." ] }, { "id": "A8.13.46", "lines": [ "Do anything you wish; command is yours;", "Whatever harms Kabul, my heart endures.”" ] } ] }, { "id": "sp06", "source": "sahm", "target": "zal", "type": "direct", "thread": "family", "scene": "The father admits the wrong", "note": "Sahm acknowledges Zal’s reproach and promises to petition the Shah.", "via": null, "ref": "A8.13.47", "evidence": [ { "id": "A8.13.47", "lines": [ "Sahm heard these words, raised ears, and lowered mane;", "The truth of Zal’s reproach brought inward pain." ] }, { "id": "A8.13.48", "lines": [ "At last he said: “All this you speak is true.", "From first to last, I have done wrong to you." ] }, { "id": "A8.13.49", "lines": [ "My dealings with you all were born of wrong;", "They made our enemies rejoice too long." ] }, { "id": "A8.13.50", "lines": [ "This one desire alone you asked of me;", "In anguish you rose up to make your plea." ] }, { "id": "A8.13.51", "lines": [ "Yet do not act in haste; I shall decree,", "I will resolve it wisely, you shall see." ] }, { "id": "A8.13.52", "lines": [ "I shall myself write to the Shah and plead,", "And place in your own hands the scroll you need." ] }, { "id": "A8.13.53", "lines": [ "The king will seek no harm when you appear,", "And see your gifts and noble bearing clear." ] }, { "id": "A8.13.54", "lines": [ "We shall recall whatever must be said,", "And turn his heart toward justice in its stead." ] } ] }, { "id": "sp09", "source": "sahm", "target": "manuchehr", "type": "letter", "thread": "family", "scene": "A father petitions the Shah", "note": "Sahm’s letter asks royal judgment for Zal. Zal is its bearer; the letter’s voice remains Sahm’s.", "via": "Zal carries the letter", "ref": "A8.14.64", "evidence": [ { "id": "A8.14.64", "lines": [ "He comes to ask the wish his heart has kept,", "A secret hope within his breast has slept." ] }, { "id": "A8.14.65", "lines": [ "His wish is good in Yazdan’s judgment still,", "For every good lies under Yazdan’s will." ] }, { "id": "A8.14.66", "lines": [ "We acted not without our sovereign’s leave;", "No servant may his lord’s command deceive." ] }, { "id": "A8.14.67", "lines": [ "You know the vow I made before your sight,", "When first I brought him down from Alborz’s height." ] }, { "id": "A8.14.68", "lines": [ "That I would not deny what he would seek;", "Now he has come to me his wish to speak." ] }, { "id": "A8.14.69", "lines": [ "He came before me, blood upon his face,", "His bones seemed split and shattered out of place." ] }, { "id": "A8.14.70", "lines": [ "He says it would be better far to fall", "Than strike at Kabul and bring death to all." ] }, { "id": "A8.14.71", "lines": [ "Yet one reared far apart, on wild crags grown,", "Might lose his wits when such a face is shown," ] }, { "id": "A8.14.72", "lines": [ "A moon in Kabul, radiant and fair,", "A slender cypress crowned with flowers rare." ] }, { "id": "A8.14.73", "lines": [ "If such a bird-reared man should lose his mind,", "The Shah should take no vengeance of this kind." ] }, { "id": "A8.14.74", "lines": [ "His suffering has reached so hard a state,", "Whoever sees him pities now his fate." ] }, { "id": "A8.14.75", "lines": [ "Though innocent, he bore such grief and woe;", "Therefore my pledge remains, as you well know." ] }, { "id": "A8.14.76", "lines": [ "I send him now, his heart oppressed by care,", "To seek your royal judgment, just and fair." ] }, { "id": "A8.14.77", "lines": [ "When he stands present at your royal seat,", "Do what a sovereign judges right and meet." ] }, { "id": "A8.14.78", "lines": [ "I need not teach the wisdom of your reign;", "To counsel such a Shah brings him no gain." ] }, { "id": "A8.14.79", "lines": [ "He is my only son beneath the sun,", "My comfort and my aid till life is done." ] }, { "id": "A8.14.80", "lines": [ "From Sahm Nariman to the world’s great king,", "A thousand blessings on his chiefs I bring.”" ] } ] }, { "id": "sp07", "source": "sindokht", "target": "sahm", "type": "direct", "thread": "power", "scene": "What guilt have Kabul’s people?", "note": "Sindokht personally addresses Sahm in his camp. Although she arrives as an envoy, this line represents her own appeal, not a quoted message authored by Mehrab.", "via": null, "ref": "A8.16.25", "evidence": [ { "id": "A8.16.25", "lines": [ "When all withdrew and strangers left the place,", "She turned to Sahm and spoke with steady grace:" ] }, { "id": "A8.16.26", "lines": [ "“Your wisdom grants the old their youth again,", "And teaches wisdom to the greatest men." ] }, { "id": "A8.16.27", "lines": [ "Through you the road of darkness turns to light;", "The wise grow wiser standing in your sight." ] }, { "id": "A8.16.28", "lines": [ "Your seal has bound the hand that evil led;", "Your gorz has opened God’s true road ahead." ] }, { "id": "A8.16.29", "lines": [ "If fault there was, it lay with Mehrab’s hand;", "His eyes hold heart-blood shed for Kabul’s land." ] }, { "id": "A8.16.30", "lines": [ "Why should the innocent heads of Kabul fall?", "What guilt have they committed, one and all?" ] }, { "id": "A8.16.31", "lines": [ "They live to serve you, dust beneath your feet,", "And deem your favor all their joy complete." ] }, { "id": "A8.16.32", "lines": [ "Fear Him who fashioned mind and strength on high,", "Bright Venus and the sun within the sky." ] }, { "id": "A8.16.33", "lines": [ "Such slaughter cannot please the Maker’s will;", "He did not shape the world for needless ill." ] }, { "id": "A8.16.34", "lines": [ "Gird not your strength for slaughter and for flame;", "Let mercy, not bloodshed, attend your name.”" ] } ] }, { "id": "sp08", "source": "sahm", "target": "sindokht", "type": "direct", "thread": "power", "scene": "An assurance of safety", "note": "After Sindokht reveals her identity, Sahm speaks his assurance and praises the proposed marriage.", "via": null, "ref": "A8.16.55", "evidence": [ { "id": "A8.16.55", "lines": [ "Sahm listened well and saw before his sight", "A woman wise, with soul both strong and bright." ] }, { "id": "A8.16.56", "lines": [ "Her face was spring, her form a cypress slim;", "Her waist was narrow, every feature trim." ] }, { "id": "A8.16.57", "lines": [ "Her gait was like a pheasant, proud and fair;", "Deep judgment marked her speech and every air." ] }, { "id": "A8.16.58", "lines": [ "He said: “My word shall stand, though life be lost;", "My oath is firm, whatever be the cost." ] }, { "id": "A8.16.59", "lines": [ "Return in peace and dwell without alarm;", "No shadow shall approach or bring you harm." ] }, { "id": "A8.16.60", "lines": [ "Throughout the world Zal could not find a bride", "Like Rudabeh to stand as equal at his side." ] }, { "id": "A8.16.61", "lines": [ "Though sprung from other roots, your house I own", "As worthy too of diadem and throne." ] }, { "id": "A8.16.62", "lines": [ "No shame is found in what the heavens send;", "Against the Maker’s will no man can contend." ] } ] }, { "id": "sp10", "source": "manuchehr", "target": "sahm", "type": "letter", "thread": "family", "scene": "The Shah answers the petition", "note": "Manuchehr’s written reply tells Sahm that Zal’s wishes have been granted.", "via": null, "ref": "A8.21.1", "evidence": [ { "id": "A8.21.1", "lines": [ "The Shah wrote Sahm an answer of good cheer,", "With wondrous, auspicious words both bright and clear:" ] }, { "id": "A8.21.2", "lines": [ "“O valiant chief, whose victories endure,", "In every undertaking strong and sure," ] }, { "id": "A8.21.3", "lines": [ "In battle, feast, and counsel none compare;", "The turning heavens have seen no form so fair." ] }, { "id": "A8.21.4", "lines": [ "Your blessed son, brave Zal, shall win great fame;", "The world shall long preserve the rider’s name." ] }, { "id": "A8.21.5", "lines": [ "He came, and through him all your wish I knew,", "Your counsel and the purpose you pursue." ] }, { "id": "A8.21.6", "lines": [ "Whatever you desired has now been done;", "And Zal desired the same, your noble son." ] }, { "id": "A8.21.7", "lines": [ "I granted every wish that Zal made known,", "And gave him every favor as his own." ] }, { "id": "A8.21.8", "lines": [ "Through him auspicious days come into view;", "May fortune keep his path forever true." ] }, { "id": "A8.21.9", "lines": [ "What can be born from lion whose own prey", "Is leopard, but a fierce lion in the fray?" ] }, { "id": "A8.21.10", "lines": [ "I sent him forth rejoicing on his way;", "May every evil thought stay far away.”" ] } ] }, { "id": "sp11", "source": "rostam", "target": "tahmineh", "type": "direct", "thread": "love", "scene": "Who enters at night?", "note": "Rostam addresses the woman entering his chamber. The reply identifies her as Tahmineh.", "via": null, "ref": "B8.4.9", "evidence": [ { "id": "B8.4.9", "lines": [ "Brave Rostam marveled at the wondrous sight,", "Blessed Yazdan, then addressed her in the night:" ] }, { "id": "B8.4.10", "lines": [ "“Who are you, coming here while others sleep?", "What do you seek, what purpose do you keep?”" ] }, { "id": "B8.4.11", "lines": [ "She said: “Tahmineh is the name I bear;", "Grief split my heart in two and left it bare." ] }, { "id": "B8.4.12", "lines": [ "I am the daughter of Samangan’s king,", "From royal blood my birth and lineage spring." ] } ] }, { "id": "sp12", "source": "tahmineh", "target": "rostam", "type": "direct", "thread": "love", "scene": "Tahmineh declares her choice", "note": "Tahmineh states her wish for Rostam and a child. This is her direct declaration, not an inference from the marriage.", "via": null, "ref": "B8.4.23", "evidence": [ { "id": "B8.4.23", "lines": [ "Now Yazdan brought your destined path this way,", "And led you into Samangan today." ] }, { "id": "B8.4.24", "lines": [ "If you desire me, I am yours tonight;", "I choose you freely, with my heart alight." ] }, { "id": "B8.4.25", "lines": [ "No other man shall ever see my face;", "For you alone I leave my guarded place." ] }, { "id": "B8.4.26", "lines": [ "For love of you has driven reason hence;", "Desire has overcome my guarded sense." ] }, { "id": "B8.4.27", "lines": [ "Perhaps the Maker may decree for me", "A son of yours within my arms to see." ] }, { "id": "B8.4.28", "lines": [ "May he be like you, strong of heart and limb;", "May Saturn and the Sun grant shares to him." ] }, { "id": "B8.4.29", "lines": [ "Besides, I shall restore your Rakhsh to you,", "And lay Samangan at your feet as due.”" ] }, { "id": "B8.4.30", "lines": [ "The moon-faced maiden’s words at last were done,", "And Tahamtan had heard them one by one." ] } ] }, { "id": "sp13", "source": "rostam", "target": "tahmineh", "type": "direct", "thread": "family", "scene": "A token for the child", "note": "Rostam gives Tahmineh the identifying token and instructions for a daughter or son.", "via": null, "ref": "B8.4.40", "evidence": [ { "id": "B8.4.40", "lines": [ "In secret Tahmineh shared Rostam’s place,", "And long the dark night held them in embrace." ] }, { "id": "B8.4.41", "lines": [ "A famous mohreh from his arm he drew,", "And placed the token in Tahmineh’s view." ] }, { "id": "B8.4.42", "lines": [ "“If you should bear a daughter, let it lie", "Sewn in her hair beneath a fortunate sky." ] }, { "id": "B8.4.43", "lines": [ "But if the stars should grant to you a son,", "Bind this, his father’s sign, when life’s begun." ] }, { "id": "B8.4.44", "lines": [ "In stature he shall match great Sahm’s own line,", "With noble heart and manly strength shall shine." ] }, { "id": "B8.4.45", "lines": [ "He shall bring down the eagle from the height,", "Nor shall the blazing sun oppress his sight.”" ] } ] }, { "id": "sp14", "source": "sohrab", "target": "tahmineh", "type": "direct", "thread": "recognition", "scene": "Name my father", "note": "Sohrab demands his father’s name from his mother. The threat in his words is preserved in the evidence.", "via": null, "ref": "B8.5.7", "evidence": [ { "id": "B8.5.7", "lines": [ "One day he came before his mother’s place,", "And spoke with boldness written in his face:" ] }, { "id": "B8.5.8", "lines": [ "“Since none among my fellows match my height,", "My head seems raised beyond the heavens’ sight." ] }, { "id": "B8.5.9", "lines": [ "Tell me the seed and lineage that I bear,", "And name the father whose great blood I share." ] }, { "id": "B8.5.10", "lines": [ "What shall I say when others ask of me?", "Speak plainly now and hide no mystery." ] }, { "id": "B8.5.11", "lines": [ "And if you keep this hidden from my sight,", "You shall not live to see another night.”" ] } ] }, { "id": "sp15", "source": "tahmineh", "target": "sohrab", "type": "direct", "thread": "recognition", "scene": "Your father is Rostam", "note": "Tahmineh names Rostam and describes Sohrab’s descent. These are the signs he later tries to recognize.", "via": null, "ref": "B8.5.12", "evidence": [ { "id": "B8.5.12", "lines": [ "His mother said: “Then hear me and rejoice;", "Be not too rash, but listen to my voice." ] }, { "id": "B8.5.13", "lines": [ "Your father is great Rostam, battle-tried,", "The Piltan whose renown spreads far and wide." ] }, { "id": "B8.5.14", "lines": [ "From Dastan, Sahm, and Nariman you spring,", "Renowned stock fit to stand beside a king." ] }, { "id": "B8.5.15", "lines": [ "Since the World-Creator set the world in frame,", "No rider yet has matched your father’s fame." ] }, { "id": "B8.5.16", "lines": [ "No peer to Sahm was known beneath the sky;", "The sphere itself dared not approach so high.”" ] } ] }, { "id": "sp20", "source": "kay_kavus", "target": "rostam", "type": "letter", "thread": "power", "scene": "An urgent summons", "note": "Kavus dictates a letter summoning Rostam; Giv receives the sealed letter. The letter is a distinct channel from their later confrontation.", "via": "Giv carries the letter", "ref": "B8.12.1", "evidence": [ { "id": "B8.12.1", "lines": [ "The Shah commanded: “Write to Rostam now,", "And bless the Pahlevan of noble brow." ] }, { "id": "B8.12.2", "lines": [ "Say: ‘Keep your judgment clear, your spirit bright;", "A grave new threat has risen into sight." ] }, { "id": "B8.12.3", "lines": [ "A Turanian chief has marched with armed array,", "And seized White Fortress standing in his way." ] }, { "id": "B8.12.19", "lines": [ "He bears Gazhdaham’s letter as he rides,", "So you may weigh the good and ill it hides." ] }, { "id": "B8.12.20", "lines": [ "When you have read it, whether day or night,", "Waste no time talking over this new plight." ] }, { "id": "B8.12.21", "lines": [ "If flowers rest within your hand, move fast;", "Do not delay to smell them; hurry past." ] }, { "id": "B8.12.22", "lines": [ "Ride out from Zabul with your mounted band,", "And raise the war-cry through the troubled land." ] }, { "id": "B8.12.23", "lines": [ "For if his words be true in every part,", "No other man can match his strength and heart.’”" ] }, { "id": "B8.12.24", "lines": [ "The Shah then sealed the letter without stay,", "And gave it into Giv’s hands straightaway." ] } ] }, { "id": "sp21", "source": "kay_kavus", "target": "rostam", "type": "direct", "thread": "power", "scene": "The Shah orders a hanging", "note": "Kavus addresses Rostam with an order that he be seized and hanged. This records the uttered threat, not its execution.", "via": null, "ref": "B8.13.8", "evidence": [ { "id": "B8.13.8", "lines": [ "At Giv he first unleashed his bitter spite,", "Then turned on Rostam, burning in his sight." ] }, { "id": "B8.13.9", "lines": [ "“Who is this man who scorns my royal call,", "And counts my summons as no thing at all?" ] }, { "id": "B8.13.10", "lines": [ "Were there a sword beneath my hand this day,", "His head should fall; a citron, cast away." ] }, { "id": "B8.13.11", "lines": [ "Seize Rostam now! Go hang him from the height!", "Let him not stand before my royal sight!”" ] } ] }, { "id": "sp22", "source": "rostam", "target": "kay_kavus", "type": "direct", "thread": "power", "scene": "A king should not rule by fury", "note": "Rostam directly challenges Kavus’s conduct before departing the court.", "via": null, "ref": "B8.13.16", "evidence": [ { "id": "B8.13.16", "lines": [ "Tus stepped ahead and seized him by the hand,", "To lead him out, obeying the command." ] }, { "id": "B8.13.17", "lines": [ "But Rostam, rising fierce in sudden flame,", "Replied in words that put the court to shame:" ] }, { "id": "B8.13.18", "lines": [ "“Your every deed grows worse with each new choice;", "No king should rule by fury in his voice." ] }, { "id": "B8.13.19", "lines": [ "Kingship does not suit the course you take;", "A ruler’s wrath should not the kingdom shake." ] }, { "id": "B8.13.20", "lines": [ "Hang that Turk alive if you crave display,", "Then turn your rage upon the field of fray." ] }, { "id": "B8.13.21", "lines": [ "Rum, Sagzar, Mesr, Chin have yielded ground;", "Mazandaran, Hamavaran were bound." ] }, { "id": "B8.13.22", "lines": [ "All these lie prostrate under Rakhsh’s tread,", "Their hearts by sword and crossbow struck with dread." ] }, { "id": "B8.13.23", "lines": [ "You live through me; then turn your rage from me;", "Let war receive the fury you set free.”" ] } ] }, { "id": "sp23", "source": "gudarz", "target": "kay_kavus", "type": "direct", "thread": "power", "scene": "Remember the man who saved you", "note": "Gudarz urges Kavus to reconsider his treatment of Rostam.", "via": null, "ref": "B8.13.65", "evidence": [ { "id": "B8.13.65", "lines": [ "Then Gudarz hurried to the Shah to plead,", "And spoke with measured force that fit the need:" ] }, { "id": "B8.13.66", "lines": [ "“What wrong has Rostam done to earn your scorn,", "That you would drive this hero out forlorn?" ] }, { "id": "B8.13.67", "lines": [ "Why raise such dust through Iran in this strife?", "Why hang the man whose arm has saved your life?" ] }, { "id": "B8.13.68", "lines": [ "A king should never speak in reckless heat;", "Such words make royal dignity retreat." ] }, { "id": "B8.13.69", "lines": [ "Have you forgotten Mazandaran’s night,", "And how he saved you in that desperate fight?" ] }, { "id": "B8.13.70", "lines": [ "When Hamavaran held you bound and low,", "Who broke your chains and struck your greatest foe?" ] }, { "id": "B8.13.71", "lines": [ "If he departs and Sohrab takes the field,", "What strength remains for you to hope to wield?" ] }, { "id": "B8.13.72", "lines": [ "Gazhdaham has seen him; heed his warning plain:", "No man but Rostam should confront his strain." ] }, { "id": "B8.13.73", "lines": [ "If Rostam goes, who meets that wolf-like youth,", "When Gazhdaham has warned us of the truth?" ] }, { "id": "B8.13.74", "lines": [ "A king with Rostam standing at his side,", "Who drives him off has wisdom cast aside." ] }, { "id": "B8.13.75", "lines": [ "Recall his service; weigh it in your mind;", "No gain is born when loyalty is maligned.”" ] } ] }, { "id": "sp24", "source": "kay_kavus", "target": "gudarz", "type": "direct", "thread": "power", "scene": "Bring him back", "note": "Kavus accepts Gudarz’s counsel and asks him to recall Rostam.", "via": null, "ref": "B8.13.76", "evidence": [ { "id": "B8.13.76", "lines": [ "The Shah grew still, and reason found its place;", "He saw his fault and owned his deep disgrace." ] }, { "id": "B8.13.77", "lines": [ "The Shah said, “Age gives counsel worth the cost;", "The old see roads that younger eyes have lost." ] }, { "id": "B8.13.78", "lines": [ "A king needs wisdom; haste and rage mislead;", "No lasting good can spring from violent speed.”" ] }, { "id": "B8.13.79", "lines": [ "“You speak the truth,” he said, “your counsel stands;", "Go bring him back; restore him to my hands." ] }, { "id": "B8.13.80", "lines": [ "Tell him my anger rose beyond control;", "I now repent the storm within my soul." ] }, { "id": "B8.13.81", "lines": [ "Bring Rostam back before my royal sight,", "That this dark soul of mine may turn to light.”" ] } ] }, { "id": "sp16", "source": "sohrab", "target": "rostam", "type": "direct", "thread": "recognition", "scene": "Are you Rostam?", "note": "Before the fatal fight, Sohrab directly asks whether his opponent is Rostam, Zal’s son.", "via": null, "ref": "B8.17.58", "evidence": [ { "id": "B8.17.58", "lines": [ "At Rostam’s words, young Sohrab’s heart leapt high;", "He said, “One question; give me true reply." ] }, { "id": "B8.17.59", "lines": [ "Tell me the truth of your ancestral line,", "And make my heart rejoice with some clear sign." ] }, { "id": "B8.17.60", "lines": [ "I think that you are Rostam, Zal’s great son,", "Whose line from noble Nariman has run.”" ] } ] }, { "id": "sp17", "source": "rostam", "target": "sohrab", "type": "direct", "thread": "recognition", "scene": "The name denied", "note": "Rostam denies being Rostam. The graph records the denial as his speech, not as a true identification.", "via": null, "ref": "B8.17.61", "evidence": [ { "id": "B8.17.61", "lines": [ "But Rostam answered, “Do not make that claim;", "I am not he, nor born of Zal’s great name." ] }, { "id": "B8.17.62", "lines": [ "Great Rostam is the Pahlevan in might;", "I am a lesser warrior in his sight." ] }, { "id": "B8.17.63", "lines": [ "I own no throne, nor share so high a fate;", "Nor do I hold his rank or royal state.”" ] }, { "id": "B8.17.64", "lines": [ "Sohrab despaired; all former hope withdrawn,", "And all the brightness faded from the dawn." ] } ] }, { "id": "sp18", "source": "rostam", "target": "sohrab", "type": "direct", "thread": "recognition", "scene": "The name finally spoken", "note": "After the wound, Rostam identifies himself and asks what sign of Rostam the youth bears.", "via": null, "ref": "B8.21.23", "evidence": [ { "id": "B8.21.23", "lines": [ "Then Rostam heard, and all his senses failed;", "The world grew dark; his face and spirit paled." ] }, { "id": "B8.21.24", "lines": [ "He fell upon the ground in stunned despair,", "And lay there senseless, stripped of strength and care." ] }, { "id": "B8.21.25", "lines": [ "At last he rose, his voice a broken thread:", "“What sign of Rostam do you bear?” he said." ] }, { "id": "B8.21.26", "lines": [ "“I am that Rostam; let my name depart;", "No warrior speak it when my life shall part." ] }, { "id": "B8.21.27", "lines": [ "And let Zal, son of Sahm, sit down this day", "And mourn my death, and mourn my name away!”" ] } ] }, { "id": "sp19", "source": "sohrab", "target": "rostam", "type": "direct", "thread": "recognition", "scene": "The token comes too late", "note": "Sohrab tells Rostam to uncover his arm and see the token. Tahmineh’s words are nested inside Sohrab’s account; they do not create an additional Tahmineh-to-Rostam edge.", "via": null, "ref": "B8.21.29", "evidence": [ { "id": "B8.21.29", "lines": [ "When Sohrab saw him thus, his senses fled;", "He swooned, then woke and raised his weary head:" ] }, { "id": "B8.21.30", "lines": [ "“If you are Rostam, then you struck me dead,", "By harshness and blind anger you were led." ] }, { "id": "B8.21.31", "lines": [ "I gave you every sign in every way,", "Yet not one grain of love was stirred today." ] }, { "id": "B8.21.32", "lines": [ "Undo my jowshan, bare my arm and see", "The token that my mother gave to me." ] }, { "id": "B8.21.33", "lines": [ "When koust resounded as I left her door,", "My mother came with blood-streaked cheeks before." ] }, { "id": "B8.21.34", "lines": [ "My leaving wounded deep her loving breast;", "She bound this token on my arm and pressed:" ] }, { "id": "B8.21.35", "lines": [ "‘This came from your father; guard it well,", "And see what use its hidden sign may tell.’" ] }, { "id": "B8.21.36", "lines": [ "Now it has served when service comes too late;", "The son lies shamed before his father’s fate.”" ] } ] }, { "id": "sp25", "source": "siavash", "target": "kay_kavus", "type": "letter", "thread": "power", "scene": "May I cross the river?", "note": "Siavash writes from Balkh to report victory and ask whether to cross the Jihun.", "via": null, "ref": "B9.17.1", "evidence": [ { "id": "B9.17.1", "lines": [ "Siavash in Balkh, his army in array,", "Called for a scribe to write the Shah that day." ] }, { "id": "B9.17.2", "lines": [ "With musk and rosewater the words were traced,", "With fragrant abir all the writing graced." ] }, { "id": "B9.17.3", "lines": [ "Upon fine silk the royal letter lay,", "Then to the Shah he sent it on its way." ] }, { "id": "B9.17.8", "lines": [ "May blessings on the Shah forever descend,", "And may all goodness crown his final end." ] }, { "id": "B9.17.9", "lines": [ "“By your royal farr I came to Balkh in cheer,", "Victorious, with fortune shining clear." ] }, { "id": "B9.17.10", "lines": [ "For three full days the battle did not cease;", "The fourth, God gave me victory and release." ] }, { "id": "B9.17.11", "lines": [ "Sipahram fled to Tarmez from the fray;", "Like arrow from the bow, Barman sped away." ] }, { "id": "B9.17.12", "lines": [ "My army now extends to Jihun’s tide;", "Beneath my crown’s bright farr the world lies wide." ] }, { "id": "B9.17.13", "lines": [ "Afrasiab in Sughd holds all his force;", "His troops and chief stand past the river’s course." ] }, { "id": "B9.17.14", "lines": [ "Command me, Shah, and I will cross the flow,", "And lead the army forth against the foe.”" ] } ] }, { "id": "sp26", "source": "kay_kavus", "target": "siavash", "type": "letter", "thread": "power", "scene": "Victory calls for caution", "note": "Kavus writes an approving reply and advises caution. This earlier exchange precedes the later rupture over the treaty.", "via": null, "ref": "B9.18.1", "evidence": [ { "id": "B9.18.1", "lines": [ "The letter came to Kavus; joy burned bright,", "His crown and throne rose up to Saturn’s height." ] }, { "id": "B9.18.2", "lines": [ "He turned to Yazdan, thankful prayers he made,", "That this young tree bear fruit and never fade." ] }, { "id": "B9.18.3", "lines": [ "With joy he wrote his answer to his son,", "Like spring and paradise in beauty one." ] }, { "id": "B9.18.4", "lines": [ "“By Him who made the sun and circling moon,", "And grants both crown and throne as royal boon," ] }, { "id": "B9.18.5", "lines": [ "May joy forever keep your heart from pain,", "And grief or sorrow never there remain." ] }, { "id": "B9.18.6", "lines": [ "May victory and farr beside you stay,", "And greatness crown your head from day to day." ] }, { "id": "B9.18.7", "lines": [ "You led the army out to seek the fray,", "With fortune, skill, and rectitude your way." ] }, { "id": "B9.18.8", "lines": [ "Though milk still scents your lips, so young are you,", "From your own bow the battle-arrow flew." ] }, { "id": "B9.18.9", "lines": [ "May skill forever in your body lie,", "And let your bright heart soar to reach the sky." ] }, { "id": "B9.18.10", "lines": [ "Now victory is yours; be cautious, then,", "And weigh the road before you march again." ] }, { "id": "B9.18.11", "lines": [ "Do not disperse the army; keep it near,", "Set march and camp in watchful order clear." ] } ] }, { "id": "sp27", "source": "piran", "target": "afrasiab", "type": "direct", "thread": "power", "scene": "Welcome the displaced prince", "note": "Piran advises Afrasiab to treat Siavash as a son and make room for him in Turan.", "via": null, "ref": "B9.29.16", "evidence": [ { "id": "B9.29.16", "lines": [ "Then Piran said: “O king, may joy be yours;", "May life endure as long as time endures." ] }, { "id": "B9.29.17", "lines": [ "In wisdom, treasure, valor, you excel,", "In every weighty matter judging well." ] }, { "id": "B9.29.18", "lines": [ "My thought and judgment lead me to this view,", "And this is what I counsel now to you." ] }, { "id": "B9.29.19", "lines": [ "Whoever can do good, concealed or known,", "Should not withhold it from this prince alone." ] }, { "id": "B9.29.20", "lines": [ "Let toil and treasure serve him, freely spent,", "And every form of aid be swiftly sent." ] }, { "id": "B9.29.32", "lines": [ "If now the king in wisdom sees it right,", "Then send a letter framed in gentle light." ] }, { "id": "B9.29.33", "lines": [ "Entreat the prince with kindness as your son,", "As loving fathers cherish such a one." ] }, { "id": "B9.29.34", "lines": [ "Prepare for him a dwelling of his due,", "And honor him as honor should accrue." ] }, { "id": "B9.29.35", "lines": [ "Give him a daughter of your royal line,", "With royal honor let his station shine." ] }, { "id": "B9.29.36", "lines": [ "If here he stays, beside your royal seat,", "He may make Turan’s land his own retreat." ] }, { "id": "B9.29.37", "lines": [ "And if he later turns to Kavus’s side,", "The good you did will still with you abide." ] }, { "id": "B9.29.38", "lines": [ "Then Kavus will give thanks for what was done,", "And great men bless your name beneath the sun." ] }, { "id": "B9.29.39", "lines": [ "Through him the armies may from vengeance cease,", "If the Just Creator brings him here in peace." ] }, { "id": "B9.29.40", "lines": [ "This matches justice from the Maker’s hand,", "And sets the course of time and world to stand.”" ] } ] }, { "id": "sp28", "source": "afrasiab", "target": "piran", "type": "direct", "thread": "power", "scene": "The king welcomes the counsel", "note": "Afrasiab explicitly approves Piran’s advice.", "via": null, "ref": "B9.29.41", "evidence": [ { "id": "B9.29.41", "lines": [ "The monarch heard Piran and understood", "What might arise from counsel wise and good." ] }, { "id": "B9.29.42", "lines": [ "Then for a while he weighed it in his mind,", "What good or evil lay concealed behind." ] }, { "id": "B9.29.43", "lines": [ "He said, “Piran, your counsel pleases me;", "In all your words I hear what ought to be." ] }, { "id": "B9.29.44", "lines": [ "Among the tested counselors I know,", "No man can match the wisdom that you show." ] } ] }, { "id": "sp29", "source": "garsivaz", "target": "afrasiab", "type": "direct", "thread": "power", "scene": "A private accusation", "note": "Behind closed doors, Garsivaz alleges that Siavash has changed sides. This is recorded as an accusation, not as a verified fact about Siavash.", "via": null, "ref": "B9.47.7", "evidence": [ { "id": "B9.47.7", "lines": [ "At dawn he rose, and to the Shah he drew,", "His bitter purpose hidden still from view." ] }, { "id": "B9.47.8", "lines": [ "They sat apart where none could hear them speak,", "And Garsivaz began his counsel bleak:" ] }, { "id": "B9.47.9", "lines": [ "“Siavash, king, has changed in every way;", "A secret envoy from Kavus came to stay." ] }, { "id": "B9.47.10", "lines": [ "From Rum and Chin, too, messages arrive,", "At wine he keeps Kavus’s name alive." ] }, { "id": "B9.47.11", "lines": [ "Moreover, troops have gathered in his train,", "Enough to fill a sovereign’s heart with pain." ] }, { "id": "B9.47.12", "lines": [ "Had Tur not struck at Iraj long ago,", "Their father’s house would bear no lasting woe." ] }, { "id": "B9.47.13", "lines": [ "But now our hearts, like fire and water, divide,", "And ancient hatreds cannot be denied." ] }, { "id": "B9.47.14", "lines": [ "You seek to bind them, but you only strain,", "As though the wind itself you could contain." ] }, { "id": "B9.47.15", "lines": [ "Had I concealed this danger from your eyes,", "All men would brand my name with shame and lies.”" ] } ] }, { "id": "sp30", "source": "afrasiab", "target": "garsivaz", "type": "direct", "thread": "power", "scene": "A promise to weigh the claim", "note": "Afrasiab replies that he will reflect and test the truth of the account.", "via": null, "ref": "B9.47.16", "evidence": [ { "id": "B9.47.16", "lines": [ "The king replied, his troubled thoughts laid bare:", "“Your bond of blood has moved you to declare." ] }, { "id": "B9.47.17", "lines": [ "For three full days we shall reflect, and sound", "What truth or falsehood in this tale is found," ] }, { "id": "B9.47.18", "lines": [ "When reason has made clear what course is due,", "I then will tell what cure we shall pursue.”" ] } ] }, { "id": "sp31", "source": "farangis", "target": "afrasiab", "type": "direct", "thread": "power", "scene": "A daughter pleads for Siavash", "note": "Farangis comes before her father and asks him not to kill Siavash. Her warning is direct speech to the Shah.", "via": null, "ref": "B9.54.1", "evidence": [ { "id": "B9.54.1", "lines": [ "The news reached Farangis; her cheek she tore,", "A bloodied zunnar round her waist she wore." ] }, { "id": "B9.54.2", "lines": [ "On foot she came, her moon-bright face blood-stained,", "By grief and terror all her beauty waned." ] }, { "id": "B9.54.3", "lines": [ "In trembling fear she came before the throne,", "And cast dust on her head with anguished moan." ] }, { "id": "B9.54.4", "lines": [ "She cried: “O king, whose name the wise proclaim,", "Why bring me down to sorrow, grief, and shame?" ] }, { "id": "B9.54.5", "lines": [ "Why bind your heart in fraud and dark deceit?", "From such a height, do you not see defeat?" ] }, { "id": "B9.54.6", "lines": [ "Do not strike down a guiltless monarch’s head;", "The Judge of Sun and Moon sees blood you shed." ] }, { "id": "B9.54.7", "lines": [ "When Siavash left Iran to seek your aid,", "He praised you to the Maker as he prayed." ] }, { "id": "B9.54.8", "lines": [ "He angered Kavus, left his crown and gold,", "And sought your court as refuge and stronghold." ] }, { "id": "B9.54.9", "lines": [ "What fault have you perceived in him that you", "Now turn from justice and from what is due?" ] }, { "id": "B9.54.10", "lines": [ "Who severs from a king his crowned head", "Will not sit long where royal carpets spread." ] }, { "id": "B9.54.11", "lines": [ "Do not wrong me as well, for life is brief;", "This passing world is only wind and grief." ] }, { "id": "B9.54.12", "lines": [ "One guiltless man is cast into a pit,", "While guilty men on royal thrones may sit." ] }, { "id": "B9.54.13", "lines": [ "But both at last lie level in the clay,", "Within the darkened grave they fade away." ] }, { "id": "B9.54.14", "lines": [ "Do not become the mockery of men", "Through Garsivaz, whose poisoned words condemn." ] } ] }, { "id": "sp32", "source": "kay_khosrow", "target": "rostam", "type": "letter", "thread": "rescue", "scene": "A call to loosen the chain", "note": "Kay Khosrow dictates a letter to Rostam about the captive Bijan. Giv carries it; Giv’s own spoken appeal is a separate record.", "via": "Giv carries the letter", "ref": "C2.14.1", "evidence": [ { "id": "C2.14.1", "lines": [ "A scribe was summoned to the Shah’s own side,", "And something of the story he supplied." ] }, { "id": "C2.14.2", "lines": [ "The Shah commanded: “Write to Rostam then,", "From chief to well-wisher, the best of men:" ] }, { "id": "C2.14.3", "lines": [ "‘O Pahlevan by birth, in art the best,", "Whose head is raised above the champions’ crest." ] }, { "id": "C2.14.4", "lines": [ "In you your noble ancestors unite,", "And you stand ever girded for the fight." ] }, { "id": "C2.14.5", "lines": [ "Heart of the monarchs, prop of royal kings,", "Your strength brings aid wherever sorrow clings." ] }, { "id": "C2.14.14", "lines": [ "You are the loosener of every chain,", "The Kayanian’s own blessed sphere and reign." ] }, { "id": "C2.14.15", "lines": [ "Izad has given you an elephant’s might,", "A lion’s heart, and lore, and lineage bright." ] }, { "id": "C2.14.16", "lines": [ "He gave it so your hand might reach and save", "Him who cries out, from the dark pit’s own grave." ] }, { "id": "C2.14.17", "lines": [ "Now such a call for aid has come to pass:", "A noble youth lies captive and, alas," ] }, { "id": "C2.14.18", "lines": [ "No son of Gudarz ever suffered more", "From those wolf-faced Turanians on that shore." ] }, { "id": "C2.14.19", "lines": [ "Gudarz and Giv both place their trust in you,", "A hero known in every land as true." ] }, { "id": "C2.14.20", "lines": [ "You know the honor they possess at court,", "Their courage, wisdom, and their firm support." ] }, { "id": "C2.15.1", "lines": [ "Giv took the letter after it was sealed,", "And blessed the Shah, and from his presence wheeled." ] } ] }, { "id": "sp33", "source": "rostam", "target": "giv", "type": "direct", "thread": "rescue", "scene": "What news from Iran?", "note": "Seeing Giv’s grief, Rostam asks about Iran, Khosrow and the champions, including Bijan.", "via": null, "ref": "C2.15.24", "evidence": [ { "id": "C2.15.24", "lines": [ "As Giv came in, brave Rostam entered too;", "Giv went to meet the champion he knew." ] }, { "id": "C2.15.25", "lines": [ "He neared him, then dismounted from his horse,", "Bowed low, and tears ran freely down their course." ] }, { "id": "C2.15.26", "lines": [ "His heart was full of yearning, grief, and dread;", "When Rostam saw him stricken, thus he said:" ] }, { "id": "C2.15.27", "lines": [ "“Iran and Khosrow, moon of all our age,", "Have fallen, or the world has turned its page?”" ] }, { "id": "C2.15.28", "lines": [ "He stepped down, clasped him close, and bade him share", "How Khosrow and the royal court might fare:" ] }, { "id": "C2.15.29", "lines": [ "Of Tus and Gostaham, Gudarz the old,", "Of chiefs who kept Iran’s frontiers controlled." ] }, { "id": "C2.15.30", "lines": [ "Of Shapur, Farhad, Rohham known to fame,", "Of Gorgin, then of Bijan’s state and name." ] } ] }, { "id": "sp34", "source": "giv", "target": "rostam", "type": "direct", "thread": "rescue", "scene": "A father’s report", "note": "Giv answers Rostam and describes his son’s captivity. This is Giv’s own appeal rather than the text of Khosrow’s letter.", "via": null, "ref": "C2.15.31", "evidence": [ { "id": "C2.15.31", "lines": [ "At Bijan’s name, Giv cried despite his will,", "Then spoke while anguish made his spirit still:" ] }, { "id": "C2.15.32", "lines": [ "“O honored prince, the earth’s most noble birth,", "The choicest of the mighty ones on earth," ] }, { "id": "C2.15.33", "lines": [ "Joy has returned to me on seeing you,", "And hearing words both loyal, kind, and true." ] }, { "id": "C2.15.34", "lines": [ "All those you named are well and greetings send,", "With peace and messages from friend to friend." ] }, { "id": "C2.15.35", "lines": [ "Except Bijan, great champion of the brave,", "Whom Khosrow saw chained in a dungeon cave." ] }, { "id": "C2.15.36", "lines": [ "Now see what blow of fortune strikes my head;", "My single son is lost, perhaps near dead." ] }, { "id": "C2.15.37", "lines": [ "What evil eye has struck the Gudarz line,", "That gain has ended, and but loss is mine?" ] }, { "id": "C2.15.38", "lines": [ "He is my child, my helper, and my stay;", "No grief like mine has ever crossed my way." ] } ] }, { "id": "sp35", "source": "manijeh", "target": "rostam", "type": "direct", "thread": "love", "scene": "Carry news of Bijan", "note": "Manijeh asks the apparent merchant for news and help. The addressed person is Rostam in disguise; she does not yet know that identity.", "via": null, "ref": "C2.22.1", "evidence": [ { "id": "C2.22.1", "lines": [ "News reached Manijeh of the caravan;", "To seek the merchant, into town she ran." ] }, { "id": "C2.22.2", "lines": [ "Bareheaded, weeping, worn with grief, heart-sore,", "Afrasiab’s daughter came to his door." ] }, { "id": "C2.22.3", "lines": [ "She wiped her bloody tears upon her sleeve,", "And blessed him, asking what news she might receive:" ] }, { "id": "C2.22.8", "lines": [ "What news have you of warriors of Iran,", "Of Giv, Gudarz, and every Pahlevan?" ] }, { "id": "C2.22.9", "lines": [ "Has news of Bijan not reached Iran’s ear?", "Will not his grandfather bring rescue here?" ] }, { "id": "C2.22.10", "lines": [ "That youth, a scion of Gudarz’s line,", "Is bowed by pain that seems to break his spine." ] }, { "id": "C2.22.11", "lines": [ "His feet are galled by fetters’ crushing bands;", "The blacksmiths’ iron rivets bind his hands." ] }, { "id": "C2.22.12", "lines": [ "Poor wretch, his garments with his blood are wet;", "He lies in chains, his bonds about him set." ] }, { "id": "C2.22.13", "lines": [ "His lamentations fill my eyes with tears;", "No sleep can soothe my care for him, my fears." ] }, { "id": "C2.22.14", "lines": [ "If you should travel to Iran one day,", "Where famous men and mighty warriors stay," ] }, { "id": "C2.22.15", "lines": [ "And see Giv there before the royal throne,", "Or valiant Rostam, let his plight be known." ] }, { "id": "C2.22.16", "lines": [ "Tell them that Bijan languishes in chains;", "Delay will only multiply his pains.”" ] } ] }, { "id": "sp36", "source": "rostam", "target": "manijeh", "type": "direct", "thread": "love", "scene": "The merchant denies knowing", "note": "Rostam, maintaining his merchant disguise, denies knowledge of the Iranian court. This is a spoken denial within a disguise, not a statement of fact.", "via": null, "ref": "C2.22.17", "evidence": [ { "id": "C2.22.17", "lines": [ "Alarmed by what she said, he raised a cry,", "And shouted harshly at her in reply:" ] }, { "id": "C2.22.18", "lines": [ "“Be off!” he cried. “I do not know Khosrow,", "Nor that brave chief, nor how his fortunes go." ] }, { "id": "C2.22.19", "lines": [ "Of Giv and of Gudarz I know no word;", "My brain is emptied by the talk I heard.”" ] } ] }, { "id": "sp37", "source": "bijan", "target": "manijeh", "type": "direct", "thread": "love", "scene": "Where did you find this food?", "note": "Bijan calls from the pit to ask Manijeh about the food she has brought.", "via": null, "ref": "C2.23.1", "evidence": [ { "id": "C2.23.1", "lines": [ "Manijeh hurried to the pit and pressed", "The dishes that she carried to her breast." ] }, { "id": "C2.23.2", "lines": [ "As she received it, wrapped and tightly bound,", "She passed the food to Bijan underground." ] }, { "id": "C2.23.3", "lines": [ "Bijan looked up in wonder from the ground;", "His call rose from the pit, a startled sound." ] }, { "id": "C2.23.4", "lines": [ "He called: “O sun-faced maiden, tell me true,", "Where did you find this food, so fine and new?" ] }, { "id": "C2.23.5", "lines": [ "What toil and hardship for my sake you bear,", "Forever roaming, bowed by grief and care!”" ] } ] }, { "id": "sp38", "source": "manijeh", "target": "bijan", "type": "direct", "thread": "love", "scene": "The merchant and the meal", "note": "Manijeh tells Bijan about the merchant and his gift. The merchant’s instructions are quoted within her report, not counted as another live conversation here.", "via": null, "ref": "C2.23.6", "evidence": [ { "id": "C2.23.6", "lines": [ "Manijeh said: “Among the caravan", "There is a merchant, a widely known man." ] }, { "id": "C2.23.7", "lines": [ "From Iran into Turan, seeking gain,", "He bore a heavy load of grief and pain." ] }, { "id": "C2.23.8", "lines": [ "A worthy man, discerning and refined,", "With jewels of each precious sort combined." ] }, { "id": "C2.23.9", "lines": [ "He has a spacious place to sell his store,", "A lodging set before the palace door." ] }, { "id": "C2.23.10", "lines": [ "He gave this food to me just as you see,", "And said: ‘Before the Maker pray for me." ] }, { "id": "C2.23.11", "lines": [ "Go to the dungeon, to the man in chains,", "Take all else that he needs to ease his pains.’”" ] } ] }, { "id": "sp39", "source": "bijan", "target": "manijeh", "type": "direct", "thread": "love", "scene": "An apology and restored trust", "note": "Bijan apologizes to Manijeh and tells her that the merchant has come to rescue him. Her intervening lament addresses the Creator and is not mislabeled as a turn to Bijan.", "via": null, "ref": "C2.23.34", "evidence": [ { "id": "C2.23.34", "lines": [ "Bijan replied: “The truth is on your side;", "For me you lost your fortune and your pride." ] }, { "id": "C2.23.35", "lines": [ "I should not have said that, beloved friend,", "Prudent companion, faithful to the end." ] }, { "id": "C2.23.36", "lines": [ "Counsel me in all things; grief and pain", "Have clouded wit and judgment in my brain." ] }, { "id": "C2.23.37", "lines": [ "That jewel-merchant, he who gave last night", "The roasted bird, has come to end my plight." ] }, { "id": "C2.23.38", "lines": [ "He came to Turan for my sake alone;", "He had no need of any precious stone." ] } ] }, { "id": "sp40", "source": "esfandiyar", "target": "goshtasb", "type": "direct", "thread": "power", "scene": "Do royal covenants still hold?", "note": "Esfandiyar challenges the justice of Goshtasb’s order to bind Rostam.", "via": null, "ref": "C8.3.16", "evidence": [ { "id": "C8.3.16", "lines": [ "Esfandiyar replied, “O noble king,", "You leave old justice for a crooked thing." ] }, { "id": "C8.3.17", "lines": [ "A sovereign’s speech should measured wisdom bear;", "His words should balance justice, truth, and care." ] }, { "id": "C8.3.18", "lines": [ "Fight Chin’s great king and scatter all his horde;", "Send dust from warriors beaten by your sword." ] }, { "id": "C8.3.19", "lines": [ "Why fight that aged man, whom Kavus named", "A lion-catcher, mighty and acclaimed?" ] }, { "id": "C8.3.20", "lines": [ "From Manuchehr to Kay Qobad, his fame", "Made Iran’s heart rejoice to hear his name." ] }, { "id": "C8.3.21", "lines": [ "They called him Lord of Rakhsh, world-conquering guide,", "King-maker, lion-queller, Iran’s pride." ] }, { "id": "C8.3.22", "lines": [ "His greatness is no rumor newly heard;", "Kay Khosrow pledged his bond and gave his word." ] }, { "id": "C8.3.23", "lines": [ "If royal covenants cannot hold true,", "Why seek a charter, Shah Goshtasb, from you?”" ] } ] }, { "id": "sp41", "source": "goshtasb", "target": "esfandiyar", "type": "direct", "thread": "power", "scene": "The royal charge renewed", "note": "Goshtasb repeats the command to bind Rostam and bring his household to court.", "via": null, "ref": "C8.3.24", "evidence": [ { "id": "C8.3.24", "lines": [ "The Shah replied, “My lion-hearted son,", "Renowned and skilled in all that you have done," ] }, { "id": "C8.3.25", "lines": [ "Who breaks God’s covenant shall find his own", "A desert wind, across the wasteland blown." ] }, { "id": "C8.3.31", "lines": [ "If crown and throne are what you hope to claim,", "Then march with troops to Sistan for that aim." ] }, { "id": "C8.3.32", "lines": [ "When you arrive, bind Rostam’s hands; obey", "The charge I give, and bring him back this way." ] }, { "id": "C8.3.33", "lines": [ "Bring Rostam with the kamand round his arm,", "Bound fast, a captive, stripped of power to harm." ] }, { "id": "C8.3.34", "lines": [ "For Zal, Zavareh, Faramarz, take heed;", "Let none contrive a snare to thwart your deed." ] }, { "id": "C8.3.35", "lines": [ "Bring them on foot and make them run this way;", "Bring them before me, prince, without delay." ] }, { "id": "C8.3.36", "lines": [ "Then none will turn from us, however great", "His wealth or pleasure in his prosperous state.”" ] } ] }, { "id": "sp42", "source": "katayun", "target": "esfandiyar", "type": "direct", "thread": "family", "scene": "Do not give your life for a crown", "note": "Katayun warns her son against the mission and asks him to hear his mother.", "via": null, "ref": "C8.4.1", "evidence": [ { "id": "C8.4.1", "lines": [ "Much moved, with tearful cheeks, Katayun came", "Before her glorious son and spoke his name." ] }, { "id": "C8.4.2", "lines": [ "She said, “O crown of warriors, famed in fight,", "Whose name among the chiefs burns ever bright," ] }, { "id": "C8.4.3", "lines": [ "Bahman has told me you intend to ride", "From this rose-garden toward Zabul’s side," ] }, { "id": "C8.4.4", "lines": [ "And bind great Rostam, gorz and sword in hand,", "The son of Zal, whom you would now withstand." ] }, { "id": "C8.4.5", "lines": [ "Now hear the words your mother brings today;", "Do not rush into evil on your way." ] }, { "id": "C8.4.10", "lines": [ "Do not give up your life for royal power;", "No newborn wears a crown in his first hour." ] }, { "id": "C8.4.11", "lines": [ "A curse upon this crown and royal throne,", "On killing, pillage, tumult they have sown!" ] }, { "id": "C8.4.12", "lines": [ "Your father now is old, while you are young,", "With strength and valor through your sinews strung." ] }, { "id": "C8.4.13", "lines": [ "The army turns its gaze upon your face;", "Do not through anger fall into disgrace." ] }, { "id": "C8.4.14", "lines": [ "The world has places other than that land", "Of Sistan; do not raise a reckless hand." ] }, { "id": "C8.4.15", "lines": [ "Do not make me mourn in life and after death;", "Hear your mother’s grief in every breath.”" ] } ] }, { "id": "sp43", "source": "esfandiyar", "target": "katayun", "type": "direct", "thread": "family", "scene": "Wrong, yet commanded", "note": "Esfandiyar admits the wrong of binding Rostam but says he cannot abandon the Shah’s command.", "via": null, "ref": "C8.4.16", "evidence": [ { "id": "C8.4.16", "lines": [ "Esfandiyar replied, “My mother dear,", "Attend my words and keep your judgment clear." ] }, { "id": "C8.4.17", "lines": [ "Great Rostam is the man you know so well;", "His deeds, like sacred Zand, you read and tell." ] }, { "id": "C8.4.18", "lines": [ "Search all the heroes, wander where you may;", "No greater benefactor comes your way." ] }, { "id": "C8.4.19", "lines": [ "To bind him is a wrong, a deed of shame;", "Such evil ill becomes the royal name." ] }, { "id": "C8.4.20", "lines": [ "Yet do not break my heart with what you say;", "To break my heart would take my life away." ] }, { "id": "C8.4.21", "lines": [ "How can I turn from what the Shah commands,", "And cast away such kingship from my hands?" ] }, { "id": "C8.4.22", "lines": [ "If Zabul marks the ending of my days,", "Then heaven draws me there through all its ways." ] }, { "id": "C8.4.23", "lines": [ "If Rostam comes obedient to my word,", "No harsh rebuke from me shall then be heard.”" ] } ] }, { "id": "sp44", "source": "esfandiyar", "target": "rostam", "type": "envoy", "thread": "embassy", "scene": "A command carried by Bahman", "note": "Esfandiyar instructs Bahman to carry his words to Rostam; the narrative later confirms their delivery. The arrow shows the message’s author and intended recipient, while Bahman is named as carrier.", "via": "Bahman speaks his father’s message", "ref": "C8.6.7", "evidence": [ { "id": "C8.6.7", "lines": [ "With those distinguished priests of name and grace,", "Ride straight along the road to Rostam’s place." ] }, { "id": "C8.6.8", "lines": [ "Perform the errand with a willing mind;", "Greet him from us, speak gently, and be kind." ] }, { "id": "C8.6.9", "lines": [ "First greet him with the honor that is due,", "Then give him words from me, conveyed by you:" ] }, { "id": "C8.6.54", "lines": [ "For this I left Iran without delay;", "The Shah gave me no breath, no pause, no stay." ] }, { "id": "C8.6.55", "lines": [ "Beware the Shah; avoid his angry gaze;", "You know how fiercely wrath within it plays." ] }, { "id": "C8.6.56", "lines": [ "If you will come, obeying my command,", "And mourn the past neglect in which you stand," ] }, { "id": "C8.6.57", "lines": [ "Then by the sun and Zarir’s soul, I vow,", "By father’s life, that lion none can cow," ] }, { "id": "C8.6.58", "lines": [ "I swear to make the Shah repent outright,", "And raise this darkened moon to shining light." ] }, { "id": "C8.6.59", "lines": [ "Let Bishutan bear witness at my side;", "My soul and wisdom serve me as my guide." ] }, { "id": "C8.6.60", "lines": [ "I sought to bring the Shah to peace with you;", "Yet fault was all I found in what you do." ] }, { "id": "C8.6.61", "lines": [ "My father is the king; I serve his throne,", "And cannot leave his bidding for my own." ] }, { "id": "C8.8.53", "lines": [ "Then Bahman took the wine-cup in his hand,", "Still wondering at the hero of the land." ] }, { "id": "C8.8.54", "lines": [ "His appetite, his neck and arms so strong,", "His shoulders held the young man’s wonder long." ] }, { "id": "C8.8.55", "lines": [ "They mounted; Bahman gave, in full detail,", "His father’s words and greetings on the trail." ] } ] }, { "id": "sp45", "source": "rostam", "target": "esfandiyar", "type": "envoy", "thread": "embassy", "scene": "The answer goes back", "note": "Rostam tells Bahman to bear his reply to Esfandiyar. Bahman’s return and recital confirm the relay.", "via": "Bahman carries Rostam’s answer", "ref": "C8.9.1", "evidence": [ { "id": "C8.9.1", "lines": [ "When Rostam heard, the ancient hero thought;", "Then answered with the care the message brought." ] }, { "id": "C8.9.2", "lines": [ "“I heard the message and rejoice in you;", "Bear Esfandiyar this answer, firm and true:" ] }, { "id": "C8.9.3", "lines": [ "‘O lion-hearted chief, a mind made wise", "Will weigh the grounds on which its actions rise." ] }, { "id": "C8.9.30", "lines": [ "Keep words that wound away from me; impart", "Their bitterness to grieve the Div’s own heart." ] }, { "id": "C8.9.31", "lines": [ "Do not speak words that none has spoken yet,", "Nor think the wind a thing your cage can net." ] }, { "id": "C8.9.32", "lines": [ "Great men can find a way through fire; but he", "Who cannot swim can never cross the sea." ] }, { "id": "C8.9.33", "lines": [ "You cannot hide the moon’s resplendent light,", "Nor set the fox beside the lion’s might." ] }, { "id": "C8.9.34", "lines": [ "Do not spread strife across the road I tread;", "In war my skill has filled the world with dread." ] }, { "id": "C8.9.35", "lines": [ "No man has seen me fettered in the field,", "No raging elephant has made me yield." ] }, { "id": "C8.9.36", "lines": [ "Act as a prince should act and take your stand;", "Do not keep Greed, the Div, at your right hand." ] }, { "id": "C8.9.37", "lines": [ "Put wrath and vengeance from your heart; be wise,", "And do not see the world through youthful eyes." ] }, { "id": "C8.9.38", "lines": [ "Cross now the stream in joy; may God bestow", "His blessing as you to my household go." ] }, { "id": "C8.9.39", "lines": [ "Come feast with me; your servant waits for you,", "As once I served Kay Qobad, firm and true." ] }, { "id": "C8.9.40", "lines": [ "My heart and mind rejoice in you today;", "Do not remain, my prince, so far away." ] }, { "id": "C8.10.21", "lines": [ "When Bahman reached the royal dwelling place,", "He stood before his father face to face." ] }, { "id": "C8.10.22", "lines": [ "Then glorious Esfandiyar asked his son,", "“What answer have you from the peerless one?”" ] }, { "id": "C8.10.23", "lines": [ "Then Bahman sat and told what he had heard;", "He gave his father Rostam’s every word." ] }, { "id": "C8.10.24", "lines": [ "He gave first Rostam’s greeting and reply,", "Then told what he had marked with careful eye." ] } ] }, { "id": "sp46", "source": "bahman", "target": "esfandiyar", "type": "direct", "thread": "embassy", "scene": "The envoy adds what he saw", "note": "After delivering Rostam’s reply, Bahman gives his own observations. This separate record is his voice, not a second count of the same relayed message.", "via": null, "ref": "C8.10.25", "evidence": [ { "id": "C8.10.25", "lines": [ "He told his father what his eyes had seen,", "Describing Rostam’s strength and mighty mien." ] }, { "id": "C8.10.26", "lines": [ "“I never saw among the great or small", "A man like Rostam, mightiest of all." ] }, { "id": "C8.10.27", "lines": [ "He has a lion’s heart and elephant’s size;", "He pulls, and from the Nile its great beasts rise." ] }, { "id": "C8.10.28", "lines": [ "He came, no jowshan, gorz, nor any trace", "Of helm or kamand, to the Hirmund’s place." ] }, { "id": "C8.10.29", "lines": [ "He longs to see you; yet I cannot say", "What purpose guides him on his chosen way.”" ] } ] }, { "id": "sp47", "source": "esfandiyar", "target": "bahman", "type": "direct", "thread": "embassy", "scene": "A father rebukes his envoy", "note": "Esfandiyar rebukes Bahman for the report of Rostam’s strength.", "via": null, "ref": "C8.10.30", "evidence": [ { "id": "C8.10.30", "lines": [ "Then Esfandiyar grew angry at his son,", "And shamed him in full court for what was done." ] }, { "id": "C8.10.31", "lines": [ "He said, “A noble man should not confide", "His secrets to a woman at his side." ] }, { "id": "C8.10.32", "lines": [ "Send children on a weighty task and see", "How little strength and courage there will be." ] }, { "id": "C8.10.33", "lines": [ "What mighty warriors have you seen? Reply!", "You have not even heard a fox’s cry." ] }, { "id": "C8.10.34", "lines": [ "You make him a war elephant and shake", "The hearts of all these chiefs until they break.”" ] } ] }, { "id": "sp48", "source": "rostam", "target": "esfandiyar", "type": "direct", "thread": "embassy", "scene": "An invitation face to face", "note": "After the exchange through Bahman, Rostam invites Esfandiyar to his home in person.", "via": null, "ref": "C8.11.25", "evidence": [ { "id": "C8.11.25", "lines": [ "Then Rostam said, “O wise and watchful chief,", "Whose spirit shines, hear now my wish in brief:" ] }, { "id": "C8.11.26", "lines": [ "I have one wish, and if that wish were won,", "My heart would rest content beneath the sun." ] }, { "id": "C8.11.27", "lines": [ "Come visit me in state, and make my soul", "Bright with your sight, restored and glad and whole." ] }, { "id": "C8.11.28", "lines": [ "Though little there may suit your royal state,", "We shall provide the best within our gate.”" ] } ] }, { "id": "sp49", "source": "esfandiyar", "target": "rostam", "type": "direct", "thread": "embassy", "scene": "Honor, then insistence on bonds", "note": "Esfandiyar praises Rostam but says he cannot depart from the Shah’s command. This is a direct exchange, unlike the earlier message.", "via": null, "ref": "C8.11.29", "evidence": [ { "id": "C8.11.29", "lines": [ "Esfandiyar replied, “O hero, you", "Survive the mighty men the whole world knew." ] }, { "id": "C8.11.30", "lines": [ "All Iran takes delight in your great name,", "And in a man of such enduring fame." ] }, { "id": "C8.11.31", "lines": [ "Your counsel must not lightly be dismissed,", "Nor should your land and dwelling place be missed." ] }, { "id": "C8.11.32", "lines": [ "Yet I may not, in private or in sight,", "Turn from the Shah’s command to left or right." ] }, { "id": "C8.11.33", "lines": [ "He did not bid me linger in this land,", "Or fight the nobles here at his command." ] }, { "id": "C8.11.34", "lines": [ "Act so that fortune’s fruit remains your own;", "Walk in the path the king of kings has shown." ] }, { "id": "C8.11.35", "lines": [ "Set bonds upon your feet without delay;", "A monarch’s bonds bring no disgrace your way." ] } ] } ] }