New Naqqaliشاهنامه
Zal and the Simorgh · A7.4

Manuchehr Hears of Zal

Royal recognition protects Zal publicly. Sahm must tell the king how the son he rejected survived, turning private shame into a story no longer his to conceal.

F&R English · 57 couplets · 8 commentary entries

The chapter in five texts

TextChapter treatment and distinctive choices
F&R EnglishFifty-seven couplets retain the two royal sons, a royal teaching charge and a fuller first-person report, with one local change from feathers to hide.
MoscowPp 146–150 preserve the court visit; much of the extended report appears within brackets at pp 148–149.
MohlPp 115–118 print the fuller court scene and account, supporting the added genealogy and teaching command.
GanjoorSh3.1–45 supplies the court visit and a shorter report. Its feather covering differs from “rough hide.”
KhaleghiPp 174–176 retain the recognition core. Genealogy, teaching command and the long report have specific apparatus locations; they are not all continuous main text.

Parallel text

English left · Persian right. Ganjoor is the reference except where a row names a printed source. Select a number to open the relevant note. G identifiers distinguish digital sections across chapter boundaries.

1–9+
From Zabul word had reached the Shah afar:
Sahm left the mountain, bearing sacred farr.
Manuchehr then rejoiced at what he heard,
And praised the World-Creator with each word.
Two chosen sons had Manuchehr beside,
Both wise and brave, with Faith and farr allied.
Nohzar was one; Zarasp the other name,
Like Azargashasp upon the field of fame.
He ordered Nohzar, “Ride at once and go
To Sahm the champion; let no hindrance grow.
Behold young Dastan, Sahm’s returning line,
The mountain brood has reared him strong and fine.
Give him the Kayanian blessing from my hand,
And bless the joy that brings him to the land.
Then bid him come before my royal seat,
And make the hidden story full and complete.
Afterward let them toward Zabul go,
As servants of the crown their duty show.”
یکایک به شاه آمد این آگهی
که سام آمد از کوه با فرّهی
بدان آگهی شد منوچهر شاد
بسی از جهان آفرین کرد یاد
بفرمود تا نوذر نامدار
شود تازیان پیش سام سوار
کند آفرین کیانی بر اوی
بدان شادمانی که بگشاد روی
بفرمایدش تا سوی شهریار
شود تا سخن‌ها کند خواستار
ببیند یکی روی دستان سام
به دیدار ایشان شود شادکام
و زین جا سوی زابلستان شود
بر آیین خسرو پرستان شود
منوچهر را بد دو پور گزین
دلیر و خردمند و با فر و دین
Ganjoor m3:1–7 + selected Mohl p 115; Khaleghi p 174 apparatus
10–14+
When Nohzar reached great Sahm upon the way,
A new world-champion stood in bright array.
Sahm sprang down from his horse as Nohzar came;
They clasped each other, glad in heart and frame.
Of Shah and chiefs the Pahlevan inquired;
Then Nohzar gave the message he desired.
When Sahm had heard what mighty Shah required,
He kissed the earth, and swiftly he retired.
Then swiftly toward the royal court he sped,
Just as the crown-seeking Shah had said.
چو نوذر بر سام نیرم رسید
یکی نو جهان پهلوان را بدید
فرود آمد از باره سام سوار
گرفتند مر یک‌دگر را کنار
ز شاه و ز گردان بپرسید سام
از ایشان بدو داد نوذر پیام
چو بشنید پیغام شاه بزرگ
زمین را ببوسید سام سترگ
دوان سوی درگاه بنهاد روی
چنان کش بفرمود دیهیم جوی
Ganjoor · m3:8-12
15–21+
As Sahm approached the royal city’s gate,
The army-chief came out in ordered state.
When Manuchehr’s great standard rose ahead,
Sahm left his horse and walked the road instead.
He kissed the earth and blessed the king: “May you
Live ever glad, your spirit bright and true.”
Manuchehr had the pure-hearted warrior ride
Beside him, worshipful and dignified.
Together crown-wearer and crown-seeker went
Toward throne and hall, on royal purpose bent.
Manuchehr mounted gladly to his throne,
The Kayanian cap upon his head now shone.
At one hand Gharan sat, at one sat Sahm;
Both bright of heart before the Shah were calm.
چو آمد به نزدیکی شهریار
سپهبد پذیره شدش از کنار
درفش منوچهر چون دید سام
پیاده شد از باره بگذارد گام
منوچهر فرمود تا برنشست
مر آن پاک‌دل گرد خسرو پرست
سوی تخت و ایوان نهادند روی
چه دیهیم دار و چه دیهیم جوی
منوچهر برگاه بنشست شاد
کلاه بزرگی به سر برنهاد
به یک دست قارن به یک دست سام
نشستند روشن‌دل و شادکام
Ganjoor · m3:13-18
22–29+
Then Zal came dressed before the royal gaze;
Gold cap and golden gorz drew courtly praise.
The chamberlain brought Zal into the hall;
The Shah stood struck with wonder over all.
So tall his stature, beautiful his face,
He seemed the soul’s repose and love’s own grace.
The Shah told Sahm, “Receive him in your trust;
Guard him with care; toward him be always just.
Do not afflict him needlessly with grief;
Let joy in him surpass all other relief.
He bears Kayanian farr and lion’s claw,
A wise man’s heart, an elder’s sense of law.
Teach him the road and instruments of war,
And banquet joy and all the feast-day lore.
He knows but bird and mountain, nest and sky;
How should he know the ways that humans live by?”
پس آراسته زال را پیش شاه
به زرّین عمود و به رزّین کلاه
گرازان بیاورد سالار بار
شگفتی بماند اندر او شهریار
بر آن برز بالای آن خوب چهر
تو گفتی که آرام جان است و مهر
چنین گفت مر سام را شهریار
که از من تو این را به زنهاردار
به خیره میازارش از هیچ روی
به کس شادمانه مشو جز بدوی
که فرّ کیان دارد و چنگ شیر
دل هوشمندان و آهنگ شیر
بیاموز او را ره و ساز رزم
همان شادکامی و آیین بزم
Ganjoor m3:19–24 + Mohl pp 116–117; compare Khaleghi p 175 apparatus
30–40+
Then Shah asked of the Simorgh and the height,
And why the honored child had known such plight.
Sahm told it all, each hidden thing and known,
Of sleep and food and where the boy had grown.
He told how Zal was cast away in scorn,
And how the sky had turned since he was born.
In time the tale spread out through every town;
The names of Zal and Simorgh won renown.
“By order of Yazdan of earth I went
To Alborz, harsh and steep, on search intent.
I saw a mountain with its head in cloud,
A rocky heaven above the waters proud.
Upon it rose a dwelling, palace-high,
With every road of harm shut fast nearby.
Within were Simorgh’s chicks and Zal beside;
They seemed as peers together there allied.
The breeze that touched him carried love through air;
His memory brought joy against despair.
No path led upward from a single side;
Around the mountain searching hard I tried.
Desire for my lost son rose fierce and fast;
My heart burned so my life seemed near its last.
پس از کار سیمرغ و کوه بلند
و زان تا چرا خوار شد ارجمند
یکایک همه سام با او بگفت
هم از آشکارا هم اندر نهفت
و ز افگندن زال بگشاد راز
که چون گشت با او سپهر از فراز
سرانجام گیتی ز سیمرغ و زال
پر از داستان شد به بسیار سال
برفتم به فرمان گیهان خدای
به البرز کوه اندر آن زشت جای
یکی کوه دیدم سر اندر سحاب
سپهری است گفتی ز خارا بر آب
برو بر نشیمی چو کاخ بلند
ز هر سوی بر او بسته راه گزند
بدو اندرون بچهٔ مرغ و زال
تو گفتی که هستند هر دو همال
همی بوی مهر آمد از باد اوی
به دل راحت آمد هم از یاد اوی
Ganjoor · m3:25-33
41–48+
I spoke in secret to the Judge most pure:
‘Healer of creatures, needing no one’s cure,
Your proof and power reach every hidden place;
The sphere turns only by Your will and grace.
A sinful servant stands before Your light,
O Lord of sun and moon in endless height.
My hope rests only in Your pardoning hand;
I have no other refuge where I stand.
This bird-reared servant, humbled, sorrow-bred,
Was raised in wretchedness, by hardship fed.
He wears rough hide where silk should wrap his breast;
On flesh, not mother’s milk, his life must rest.
Restore him to me; make a pathway clear;
Lead me to him and end this pain and fear.
For my cruel deed, do not burn my soul;
Forgive me, light my heart and make it whole.’
ابا داور راست گفتم به راز
که ای آفرینندهٔ بی‌نیاز
رسیده به هر جای برهان تو
نگردد فلک جز به فرمان تو
یکی بنده‌ام با تنی پر گناه
به پیش خداوند خورشید و ماه
امیدم به بخشایش تو است بس
به چیزی دگر نیستم دسترس
تو این بندهٔ مرغ پرورده را
به خواری و زاری برآورده را
همی پرّ پوشد به جای حریر
مزد گوشت هنگام پستان شیر
به بد مهری من روانم مسوز
به من باز بخش و دلم بر فروز
Ganjoor · m3:34-40
49–54+
By Yazdan’s will, the moment I had prayed,
My prayer was heard, and answer swiftly made.
The Simorgh beat her wings and climbed the cloud,
Then wheeled above my head in circles proud.
She left the mountain like a cloud in spring,
With Zal held close beneath her mighty wing.
His scent filled all the world with musk that day;
My eyes and lips grew dry in strange dismay.
From awe of her and longing for my child,
My reason fled; my senses all ran wild.
She brought him to me like a nurse whose art
Was fed from love and mercy in the heart.
به فرمان یزدان چو این گفته شد
نیایش همانگه پذیرفته شد
بزد پرّ سیمرغ و بر شد به ابر
همی حلقه زد بر سر مرد گبر
ز کوه اندر آمد چو ابر بهار
گرفته تن زال را بر کنار
به پیش من آورد چون دایه‌ای
که در مهر باشد ورا مایه‌ای
Ganjoor m3:41–44 + selected Khaleghi p 176 apparatus
55–57+
My tongue broke into praise before the bird;
I bowed to Simorgh, awed by what occurred.
She left my son with me and took her way;
None may resist what Yazdan wills each day.
I brought him here before the world’s great king,
And told the hidden truth of everything.”
من آوردمش نزد شاه جهان
همه آشکاراش کردم نهان
زبانم بر او بر ستایش گرفت
به سیمرغ بردم نمازی شگفت
بمن ماند فرزند و خود بازگشت
ز فرمان یزدان نشاید گذشت
Ganjoor m3:45 + Mohl p 118 closing report

Narrative and poetic form

The extra report earns its place by changing narrative responsibility. Readers have seen the rescue; now they hear the father account for it before a king who explicitly orders him to protect the son. The English’s fuller emotional detail is supported, while the feather/hide difference remains local and clear.

Couplet commentary

Quoted text · evidence · interpretation
1–9The king hears and sends his son
1–9
From Zabul word had reached the Shah afar:
Sahm left the mountain, bearing sacred farr.
Manuchehr then rejoiced at what he heard,
And praised the World-Creator with each word.
Two chosen sons had Manuchehr beside,
Both wise and brave, with Faith and farr allied.
Nohzar was one; Zarasp the other name,
Like Azargashasp upon the field of fame.
He ordered Nohzar, “Ride at once and go
To Sahm the champion; let no hindrance grow.
Behold young Dastan, Sahm’s returning line,
The mountain brood has reared him strong and fine.
Give him the Kayanian blessing from my hand,
And bless the joy that brings him to the land.
Then bid him come before my royal seat,
And make the hidden story full and complete.
Afterward let them toward Zabul go,
As servants of the crown their duty show.”
یکایک به شاه آمد این آگهی
که سام آمد از کوه با فرّهی
بدان آگهی شد منوچهر شاد
بسی از جهان آفرین کرد یاد
بفرمود تا نوذر نامدار
شود تازیان پیش سام سوار
کند آفرین کیانی بر اوی
بدان شادمانی که بگشاد روی
بفرمایدش تا سوی شهریار
شود تا سخن‌ها کند خواستار
ببیند یکی روی دستان سام
به دیدار ایشان شود شادکام
و زین جا سوی زابلستان شود
بر آیین خسرو پرستان شود
منوچهر را بد دو پور گزین
دلیر و خردمند و با فر و دین
Ganjoor m3:1–7 + selected Mohl p 115; Khaleghi p 174 apparatus
Textual evidence

Ganjoor sends Nohzar to Sahm. Mohl pp 115–116 additionally names Manuchehr’s two sons, Nohzar and Zarasp, supporting English 3–4. Khaleghi p 174 records the two-son notice in the apparatus.

Interpretation

The added royal genealogy has a printed location. The messenger’s role is carefully limited: he conveys royal blessing and summons the father and son for recognition. He does not himself confer Zal’s eventual authority.

Return to parallel text

10–14A royal summons, courteously received
10–14
When Nohzar reached great Sahm upon the way,
A new world-champion stood in bright array.
Sahm sprang down from his horse as Nohzar came;
They clasped each other, glad in heart and frame.
Of Shah and chiefs the Pahlevan inquired;
Then Nohzar gave the message he desired.
When Sahm had heard what mighty Shah required,
He kissed the earth, and swiftly he retired.
Then swiftly toward the royal court he sped,
Just as the crown-seeking Shah had said.
چو نوذر بر سام نیرم رسید
یکی نو جهان پهلوان را بدید
فرود آمد از باره سام سوار
گرفتند مر یک‌دگر را کنار
ز شاه و ز گردان بپرسید سام
از ایشان بدو داد نوذر پیام
چو بشنید پیغام شاه بزرگ
زمین را ببوسید سام سترگ
دوان سوی درگاه بنهاد روی
چنان کش بفرمود دیهیم جوی
Ganjoor · m3:8-12
Textual evidence

The meeting, dismounting, embrace, inquiry and delivery of the message lead to Sahm’s journey toward court.

Interpretation

“A new world-champion” can be read through the renewed champion or his emerging son in this compressed encounter. It does not itself install a second holder of Sahm’s formal office. The English’s elevated description preserves the sense of a household newly restored to public honor.

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15–21Two kinds of authority in the court
15–21
As Sahm approached the royal city’s gate,
The army-chief came out in ordered state.
When Manuchehr’s great standard rose ahead,
Sahm left his horse and walked the road instead.
He kissed the earth and blessed the king: “May you
Live ever glad, your spirit bright and true.”
Manuchehr had the pure-hearted warrior ride
Beside him, worshipful and dignified.
Together crown-wearer and crown-seeker went
Toward throne and hall, on royal purpose bent.
Manuchehr mounted gladly to his throne,
The Kayanian cap upon his head now shone.
At one hand Gharan sat, at one sat Sahm;
Both bright of heart before the Shah were calm.
چو آمد به نزدیکی شهریار
سپهبد پذیره شدش از کنار
درفش منوچهر چون دید سام
پیاده شد از باره بگذارد گام
منوچهر فرمود تا برنشست
مر آن پاک‌دل گرد خسرو پرست
سوی تخت و ایوان نهادند روی
چه دیهیم دار و چه دیهیم جوی
منوچهر برگاه بنشست شاد
کلاه بزرگی به سر برنهاد
به یک دست قارن به یک دست سام
نشستند روشن‌دل و شادکام
Ganjoor · m3:13-18
Textual evidence

Sahm dismounts before the king’s standard, is permitted to ride and proceeds to court, where Gharan and Sahm sit at either hand. Mohl p 116 supplies the fuller blessing at reception.

Interpretation

The paired “crown-wearer” and “crown-seeker” formula distinguishes sovereign from serving lord without turning the latter into an active claimant against Manuchehr. The English retains the ceremonial relation in the Persian titles.

Return to parallel text

22–29The Shah makes care a royal obligation
22–29
Then Zal came dressed before the royal gaze;
Gold cap and golden gorz drew courtly praise.
The chamberlain brought Zal into the hall;
The Shah stood struck with wonder over all.
So tall his stature, beautiful his face,
He seemed the soul’s repose and love’s own grace.
The Shah told Sahm, “Receive him in your trust;
Guard him with care; toward him be always just.
Do not afflict him needlessly with grief;
Let joy in him surpass all other relief.
He bears Kayanian farr and lion’s claw,
A wise man’s heart, an elder’s sense of law.
Teach him the road and instruments of war,
And banquet joy and all the feast-day lore.
He knows but bird and mountain, nest and sky;
How should he know the ways that humans live by?”
پس آراسته زال را پیش شاه
به زرّین عمود و به رزّین کلاه
گرازان بیاورد سالار بار
شگفتی بماند اندر او شهریار
بر آن برز بالای آن خوب چهر
تو گفتی که آرام جان است و مهر
چنین گفت مر سام را شهریار
که از من تو این را به زنهاردار
به خیره میازارش از هیچ روی
به کس شادمانه مشو جز بدوی
که فرّ کیان دارد و چنگ شیر
دل هوشمندان و آهنگ شیر
بیاموز او را ره و ساز رزم
همان شادکامی و آیین بزم
Ganjoor m3:19–24 + Mohl pp 116–117; compare Khaleghi p 175 apparatus
Textual evidence

The reference presents Zal, the king’s wonder and the charge not to hurt him needlessly. Mohl p 116 prints the additional command to teach both battle and feast because he has known only birds, mountain and nest. Khaleghi p 175 records that command in the apparatus.

Interpretation

The king does more than admire an unusual body: he makes future care enforceable as his own trust. The English’s “elder’s sense of law” renders mature judgment where Ganjoor’s last phrase repeats a lion image; the displayed reference should not be claimed as the same wording.

Return to parallel text

30–40A report that retells rather than duplicates
30–40
Then Shah asked of the Simorgh and the height,
And why the honored child had known such plight.
Sahm told it all, each hidden thing and known,
Of sleep and food and where the boy had grown.
He told how Zal was cast away in scorn,
And how the sky had turned since he was born.
In time the tale spread out through every town;
The names of Zal and Simorgh won renown.
“By order of Yazdan of earth I went
To Alborz, harsh and steep, on search intent.
I saw a mountain with its head in cloud,
A rocky heaven above the waters proud.
Upon it rose a dwelling, palace-high,
With every road of harm shut fast nearby.
Within were Simorgh’s chicks and Zal beside;
They seemed as peers together there allied.
The breeze that touched him carried love through air;
His memory brought joy against despair.
No path led upward from a single side;
Around the mountain searching hard I tried.
Desire for my lost son rose fierce and fast;
My heart burned so my life seemed near its last.
پس از کار سیمرغ و کوه بلند
و زان تا چرا خوار شد ارجمند
یکایک همه سام با او بگفت
هم از آشکارا هم اندر نهفت
و ز افگندن زال بگشاد راز
که چون گشت با او سپهر از فراز
سرانجام گیتی ز سیمرغ و زال
پر از داستان شد به بسیار سال
برفتم به فرمان گیهان خدای
به البرز کوه اندر آن زشت جای
یکی کوه دیدم سر اندر سحاب
سپهری است گفتی ز خارا بر آب
برو بر نشیمی چو کاخ بلند
ز هر سوی بر او بسته راه گزند
بدو اندرون بچهٔ مرغ و زال
تو گفتی که هستند هر دو همال
همی بوی مهر آمد از باد اوی
به دل راحت آمد هم از یاد اوی
Ganjoor · m3:25-33
Textual evidence

Sahm recounts exposure and rescue; the narrator first says the story eventually filled the world, then gives the father’s report. Mohl p 117 supplies the fuller unscalable mountain and desperate longing. Khaleghi p 176 retains the brief report in its main text and records the long first-person retelling below in the apparatus.

Interpretation

The repeated scene changes who speaks and who must answer for the past. The English keeps that accountability. The forecast that the story will spread is a narrator’s retrospective frame, not a reason to force the whole report into a later time.

Return to parallel text

41–48The clothing is feathers in the referenceMaterial-word difference
41–48
I spoke in secret to the Judge most pure:
‘Healer of creatures, needing no one’s cure,
Your proof and power reach every hidden place;
The sphere turns only by Your will and grace.
A sinful servant stands before Your light,
O Lord of sun and moon in endless height.
My hope rests only in Your pardoning hand;
I have no other refuge where I stand.
This bird-reared servant, humbled, sorrow-bred,
Was raised in wretchedness, by hardship fed.
He wears rough hide where silk should wrap his breast;
On flesh, not mother’s milk, his life must rest.
Restore him to me; make a pathway clear;
Lead me to him and end this pain and fear.
For my cruel deed, do not burn my soul;
Forgive me, light my heart and make it whole.’
ابا داور راست گفتم به راز
که ای آفرینندهٔ بی‌نیاز
رسیده به هر جای برهان تو
نگردد فلک جز به فرمان تو
یکی بنده‌ام با تنی پر گناه
به پیش خداوند خورشید و ماه
امیدم به بخشایش تو است بس
به چیزی دگر نیستم دسترس
تو این بندهٔ مرغ پرورده را
به خواری و زاری برآورده را
همی پرّ پوشد به جای حریر
مزد گوشت هنگام پستان شیر
به بد مهری من روانم مسوز
به من باز بخش و دلم بر فروز
Ganjoor · m3:34-40
Textual evidence

The prayer calls the speaker sinful and asks that his cruelty not burn his soul. Ganjoor 39 explicitly gives feathers in place of silk and meat in place of milk; Mohl p 117 also has پر. English 46 instead gives “rough hide.”

Interpretation

The sustenance contrast is preserved, but the covering is materially different. “Rough hide” conveys a wild upbringing without rendering the specific feather covering. This local difference is worth identifying because the foster-family’s bird nature is central, while no casual rewrite of the English is required.

Return to parallel text

49–54The report’s fuller sensory detailFuller report preserved in apparatus
49–54
By Yazdan’s will, the moment I had prayed,
My prayer was heard, and answer swiftly made.
The Simorgh beat her wings and climbed the cloud,
Then wheeled above my head in circles proud.
She left the mountain like a cloud in spring,
With Zal held close beneath her mighty wing.
His scent filled all the world with musk that day;
My eyes and lips grew dry in strange dismay.
From awe of her and longing for my child,
My reason fled; my senses all ran wild.
She brought him to me like a nurse whose art
Was fed from love and mercy in the heart.
به فرمان یزدان چو این گفته شد
نیایش همانگه پذیرفته شد
بزد پرّ سیمرغ و بر شد به ابر
همی حلقه زد بر سر مرد گبر
ز کوه اندر آمد چو ابر بهار
گرفته تن زال را بر کنار
به پیش من آورد چون دایه‌ای
که در مهر باشد ورا مایه‌ای
Ganjoor m3:41–44 + selected Khaleghi p 176 apparatus
Textual evidence

The shared report has answered prayer, the bird’s ascent and circling, descent with Zal and a loving nurse comparison. Khaleghi p 176’s long apparatus passage includes a scent filling the world and the father’s dried eyes and mouth, supporting the English’s fuller sensory reaction; musk is its poetic specification.

Interpretation

The detail records Sahm’s overwhelmed perception, not a new magical ability assigned to Zal. The English turns awe and longing into bodily response. The note distinguishes the fuller printed report from Ganjoor’s shorter account.

Return to parallel text

55–57Gratitude and disclosure close the report
55–57
My tongue broke into praise before the bird;
I bowed to Simorgh, awed by what occurred.
She left my son with me and took her way;
None may resist what Yazdan wills each day.
I brought him here before the world’s great king,
And told the hidden truth of everything.”
من آوردمش نزد شاه جهان
همه آشکاراش کردم نهان
زبانم بر او بر ستایش گرفت
به سیمرغ بردم نمازی شگفت
بمن ماند فرزند و خود بازگشت
ز فرمان یزدان نشاید گذشت
Ganjoor m3:45 + Mohl p 118 closing report
Textual evidence

Ganjoor closes Sahm’s report with bringing the son before the king and making his story known. Mohl p 118 adds explicit praise of the Simorgh and acceptance of divine decree.

Interpretation

The English’s more extended close allows the public confession to finish in gratitude rather than self-congratulation. “Hidden truth” is now disclosed; it does not mean Sahm succeeds in hiding the exposure again.

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Chapter source record