jowshanجوشن
A coat of plate or lamellar armor.
- In the poem
- First at A1.2, Siamak and the Black Div; last at E10.13, Bijan Marches against Mahwi
- Named
- 312 times, in 209 sections
- Main stories
- C3 The Battle of the Twelve Rukhs (35); C4 The Final Afrasiab Wars and the Disappearance of Kay Khosrow (22); E6 Khosrow Parviz (22)
In the poem’s own words
Kavus Wars with Mazandaran
The armies meet, and Rostam spears the boasting champion Juya out of the saddle. After a week of battle Kavus prays; Rostam then spears the sorcerer-king, who turns himself into a rock. Rostam carries it to camp, the king emerges and is killed, and Ulad receives Mazandaran.
- B5.10.39The spear tore through jowshan and straps apart,And hurled him reeling, stunned in strength and heart.
- B5.10.41He plunged into a ravine, bloodied, torn,His jowshan split, from breast and shoulder shorn.
- B5.10.91Rostam struck the girdle with his spear;Through jowshan, belt, the tempered point drove clear.
Rostam and Sohrab Meet in Combat
Rostam and Sohrab fight with short spears, swords, gorz and arrows, then grapple, but neither can unseat the other. Sohrab strikes Rostam’s shoulder and mocks his age. Each then ravages the other’s army, and they part at nightfall to fight again at dawn.
The March to Kasa Rud
Tus lays waste the Turanian marches and camps at Kasa Rud. Bijan claims the fight with Palashan as the Shah’s charge, borrows Siavash’s mail from Giv, breaks Palashan’s back with his gorz and brings his head to Tus.
- B12.14.24Give me Siavash’s jowshan; let me go;This leopard I shall hunt and overthrow.”
- B12.14.25Then Giv put the jowshan in Bijan’s grasp;He fastened tight each ring and scale and clasp.
- B12.14.44He struck brave Palashan across the waist,And broke the spine his jowshan had encased.
News of Houman Reaches Bijan
Told of Houman’s boasting, Bijan arms and demands Siavash’s armor. He tells Giv that Gudarz has lost his nerve, is refused, appeals to Gudarz himself, and wins leave to fight. Giv protests and is overruled; Bijan rides for the field.
- C3.12.7He donned his Roman jowshan, armed to fight,And drew the girth around his Shabrang tight.
- C3.12.45Let Giv bring helm and jowshan, Roman-made,Unbind their knots; let my plea be obeyed.”
- C3.12.89If he seeks war, where is his battle gear?He has his jowshan; why ask for mine here?”
Giv Arms Bijan with Siavash’s Jowshan
Giv repents, overtakes Bijan and gives him Siavash’s jowshan and his own horse. Bijan finds an interpreter and rides to Houman; the two trade threats until Houman puts the fight off to dawn, and both camps pass a sleepless night.
- C3.13.9If Houman harms him, what use shall I seeIn jowshan, sword, and girdle left to me?
- C3.13.23He dismounted, gave him shield and steed,Siavash’s jowshan, for battle’s need.
- C3.13.26That jowshan shields your body in the fight,Since you must face an Ahriman of might.”
Rostam Battles Esfandiyar
At dawn Rostam posts Zavareh with the troops and rides out alone. He offers to let the armies fight instead; Esfandiyar refuses, and the two agree that no one will help either of them. Spears, swords and gorzes break, and their wrestling ends in deadlock.
- C8.21.1When day arrived, brave Rostam’s frame was casedIn jowshan, tiger-skin above it placed.
- C8.21.23He donned his jowshan, set upon his headHis Kayanian helm, as he had said.
Anooshirvan Orders the Army Assembled
The Shah builds a muster office by the palace gate for Babak, who summons the warriors and twice sends them home because the king himself has not appeared. On the third day Anooshirvan rides up armed, is inspected, and is entered on the payroll.
- D13.4.18Go fully armed, with jowshan, bow, and spear,And come before Babak for muster here.”
- D13.4.29He smiled, and called for jowshan and for helm,And raised the royal standard of the realm.
The Plot against Bahram Chubin
In prison Bandvi works on young Bahram until the young man makes him swear on the Zand-Avesta, frees him, and plots to kill Chubin at polo. The plotter’s wife, in love with Chubin, betrays him; Chubin feels the hidden armor, cuts him down, and Bandvi flees toward Mawsil.
- E6.12.37His jowshan brought, he drew it to his side,Then hid it under robes and went to ride.
- E6.12.41Bahram conceals a jowshan in his robe;What evil he intends, I cannot probe.
- E6.12.46“O viler than a snake! What man is foundIn jowshan under silk on polo-ground?”
All 209 sections that name jowshan
- A1.2 Siamak and the Black Div
- A4.1 The Greatness and Fall of Jamshid
- A6.1 Fereydoon Gains the Throne
- A6.15 The Birth of Manuchehr
- A6.18 Fereydoon Answers His Sons
- A6.19 Manuchehr Marches for Vengeance
- A6.20 Manuchehr Attacks the Army of Tur
- A6.22 Fereydoon Receives News from Manuchehr
- A6.24 Kakouy Attacks the Iranians
- A6.25 Manuchehr Fights Salm and Slays Him
- A7.5 Zal Returns to Zabulistan
- A8.3 The Handmaidens Visit Zal
- A8.4 The Handmaidens Return
- A8.14 Zal Going as an Envoy before Manuchehr
- A9.2 Sahm Comes to Meet Rostam
- B1.4 Barman and Qobad in Single Combat
- B1.6 Nohzar’s Third Battle with Afrasiab
- B1.10 Zal Comes to Mehrab’s Aid
- B2.4 Rostam Brings Kay Qobad from Alborz
- B3.2 Rostam Fights Afrasiab
- B5.1 Rakhsh Fights a Lion
- B5.10 Kavus Wars with Mazandaran
- B6.3 Hamavaran’s King Imprisons Kavus
- B6.5 Rostam’s Message to Hamavaran
- B6.6 Rostam Battles the Three Kings
- B7.2 Rostam Battles the Turanians
- B7.3 Pilsam Battles the Iranians and Alkus’ Battle
- B8.9 Sohrab Fights with Gordafarid
- B8.12 Kavus Summons Rostam from Zabulistan
- B8.13 Kavus’s Anger at Rostam
- B8.16 Sohrab Questions Hajir on Iran’s Chiefs
- B8.17 Sohrab Attacks Kavus’s Army
- B8.18 Rostam and Sohrab Meet in Combat
- B8.21 The Tragedy of Sohrab
- B8.25 Tahmineh Hears of Sohrab’s Death
- B9.16 Siavash Leads the Army
- B9.38 Afrasiab Grants Siavash a Province
- B9.46 Siavash Shows His Skill at Polo
- B9.53 Siavash Is Taken by Afrasiab
- B9.57 The Birth of Kay Khosrow
- B10.3 Rostam Comes before Kavus
- B10.8 The Death of Pilsam
- B10.15 Gudarz’s Dream of Kay Khosrow
- B10.19 Kay Khosrow Wins Behzad
- B10.20 Kay Khosrow, Giv, and Farangis Flee to Iran
- B10.23 The Contest of Piran and Giv
- B10.27 Giv Confronts the Toll-Man
- B10.28 Kay Khosrow Crosses the Jihun
- B10.34 Bahman Castle Defies Tus and Fariborz
- B11.3 Kay Khosrow Surveys His Kingdom
- B11.8 Kay Khosrow Inspects the Army
- B12.5 Bahram Meets Forood on the Mountain
- B12.9 Tus Battles Forood
- B12.10 Giv Battles Forood
- B12.11 Bijan Battles Forood
- B12.12 The Death of Forood
- B12.13 The Death of Jarireh
- B12.14 The March to Kasa Rud
- B12.17 The Iranians Battle Tazhav
- B12.19 Piran’s Night Attack
- B12.22 The Turanians Defeat the Iranians
- B12.23 Bahram Returns to Seek His Whip
- B13.4 Khosrow Dispatches Tus to Turan
- B13.6 Afrasiab Sends an Army to Piran
- B13.8 Tus and Houman Meet in Combat
- B13.9 The Second Battle of Iran and Turan
- B13.10 The Turanians Use Sorcery
- B13.12 The Turanians Besiege Hamavan
- B13.14 The Iranians Make a Night-Attack, Tus, Giv, Rohham Are Surrounded but Are Saved
- B13.25 Giv and Tus Battle Kamus
- B13.26 The Coming of Rostam
- B13.27 Iran and Turan Set Their Battle Lines
- B13.29 Piran Reckons with Rostam’s Coming
- B13.30 Iran and Turan Prepare for Battle
- B13.32 Rostam Slays Kamus
- B14.2 Chingish Faces Rostam
- B14.3 Houman Bears the Khan’s Message
- B14.4 Piran Consults Houman and the Khan
- B14.5 Piran Comes before Rostam
- B14.6 Turan’s Counsel before Battle
- B14.8 The Battle Lines Are Drawn
- B14.11 Rostam Puts Shangul to Flight
- B14.13 Rostam Slays Gahar of Gahan
- B14.15 The Turanians Are Overthrown
- B14.21 Afrasiab Hears of Rostam’s Coming
- B14.23 Puladvand Battles Giv and Tus
- C2.3 Bijan Goes to Fight the Wild Boars
- C2.24 Rostam Rescues Bijan from the Pit
- C2.27 The Iranians Defeat Afrasiab
- C3.3 Kay Khosrow Sends Gudarz against Turan
- C3.6 The Armies Are Set in Array
- C3.7 Bijan Urges Giv to Fight
- C3.8 Houman Seeks Leave for Battle
- C3.10 Houman Challenges Fariborz
- C3.12 News of Houman Reaches Bijan
- C3.13 Giv Arms Bijan with Siavash’s Jowshan
- C3.14 Houman and Bijan Meet in Combat
- C3.15 Bijan Slays Houman
- C3.19 Khosrow Musters the Army
- C3.23 Afrasiab Replies to Piran
- C3.24 Iran and Turan Fight a Pitched Battle
- C3.25 Giv’s Horse Falters before Piran
- C3.26 The Battle of Eleven Rukhs Is Arranged
- C3.40 Gudarz Returns from Battle
- C3.41 Lahhak and Farshidvard Bewail Piran
- C3.44 Bijan Follows Gostaham
- C3.46 Bijan Comes upon Gostaham
- C4.1 Praise for Sultan Mahmud
- C4.2 Kay Khosrow Musters against Afrasiab
- C4.3 Afrasiab Hears of Piran’s Death
- C4.4 Kay Khosrow Hears of Afrasiab’s Advance
- C4.8 Kay Khosrow Battles Shideh
- C4.9 Khosrow Slays Shideh
- C4.10 The Armies Meet in Battle
- C4.11 Afrasiab Is Put to Flight
- C4.15 Khosrow’s Second Battle with Afrasiab
- C4.17 Afrasiab Writes to the Faghfoor
- C4.21 Gang-Behesht Falls to Kay Khosrow
- C4.33 The Shah’s Answer to Khosrow
- C4.35 Khosrow Battles the King of Makran
- C4.40 Kay Khosrow Returns to His Grandfather
- C4.48 The Court Is Closed to the Nobles
- C4.53 Zal Reproaches Khosrow
- C4.56 Gudarz Receives Khosrow’s Mandate
- C4.59 Tus Receives Khosrow’s Patent
- C4.64 Lohrasp Learns Kay Khosrow Has Vanished
- C5.5 Goshtasb Arrives in Rum
- C5.10 Goshtasb Slays the Wolf
- C5.15 Goshtasb Battles Ilyas
- C6.5 Arjasp’s Letter to Goshtasb
- C6.7 Zarir Replies to Arjasp
- C6.8 The Envoys Bear Goshtasb’s Answer
- C6.9 Goshtasb Assembles His Troops
- C6.10 Goshtasb Hears Jamasp’s Prophecy
- C6.12 The Opening of the Battle
- C6.14 Zarir Is Slain by Bidarfesh
- C6.16 Esfandiyar Marches against Arjasp
- C6.17 Nastur and Esfandiyar Slay Bidarfesh
- C6.27 Lohrasp Falls at Balkh
- C6.30 Jamasp Visits Esfandiyar
- C6.32 Esfandiyar Reaches Goshtasb
- C7.4 The Dragon of the Third Stage
- C7.6 The Simorgh of the Fifth Stage
- C7.7 The Snow of the Sixth Stage
- C7.8 The River of the Seventh Stage
- C7.9 Esfandiyar’s Guile at the Ruyin Dezh
- C7.11 Bishutan Attacks the Ruyin Dezh
- C7.12 Esfandiyar Slays Arjasp
- C7.13 Esfandiyar Slays Kuhram
- C8.10 Bahman Returns to Esfandiyar
- C8.20 Zal Advises Rostam
- C8.21 Rostam Battles Esfandiyar
- C8.23 Rostam Flees to the Heights
- C8.24 Rostam Consults His Family
- C8.26 Rostam Faces Esfandiyar Again
- C8.27 Rostam Shoots Esfandiyar in the Eyes
- C8.28 Esfandiyar’s Last Wishes
- D4.1 Dara, Son of Darab, Lectures His Chiefs
- D4.2 Faylaqus Dies and Iskandar Gains the Throne
- D4.9 Dara Tells His Last Wishes to Iskandar and Dies
- D5.4 Iskandar Sends His Mother to Fetch Roshanak
- D5.10 Nine Sages Return with the Four Wonders
- D5.23 Iskandar and Kaydafa Reach an Agreement
- D5.28 Iskandar and the City of Women
- D5.31 Iskandar Sees Wonders and Omens
- D8.1 Shapur, Son of Hormizd, Surnamed Zul-Aktaf
- D10.2 Bahram Pardons Iran and Remits the Arrears
- D10.4 Bahram Is Ill-Treated by Baraham the Jew
- D10.27 Shangul Answers Bahram’s Letter
- D10.34 Bahram’s Flight from Hind to Iran
- D13.4 Anooshirvan Orders the Army Assembled
- D13.8 Monzer Seeks Justice from Anooshirvan
- D13.11 Anooshirvan Marches against Caesar
- D13.13 Anooshirvan Defeats Caesar’s Army
- D13.19 The Death of Nushzad
- E1.6 The Khan Writes for Peace
- E1.13 Bozorgmehr’s Counsel to Anooshirvan
- E2.3 Gav, Talkhand, and Chess
- E3.4 Anooshirvan’s Counsel to Hormizd
- E4.2 Anooshirvan and the Shoemaker
- E5.6 Bahram Chubin Takes Command
- E5.9 Saveh and Bahram Chubin Face Each Other
- E5.10 The Second Exchange with King Saveh
- E5.11 Bahram Chubin Slays King Saveh
- E5.13 Bahram Chubin Overcomes Parmudeh
- E5.28 Hormizd Refuses Audience and Falls
- E6.4 Bahram Leads His Troops against Khosrow
- E6.11 Bahram Chubin Claims the Throne
- E6.12 The Plot against Bahram Chubin
- E6.21 Caesar Sends Aid and a Bride
- E6.24 Khosrow Battles Bahram Chubin
- E6.25 Soroush Saves Khosrow from Bahram
- E6.26 Khosrow Overthrows Bahram Chubin
- E6.27 Bahram Escapes to the Khan of Chin
- E6.29 Maryam Reconciles Niyatus and Bandvi
- E6.33 Makatura Falls to Bahram Chubin
- E6.41 Gurdiyeh Takes Counsel and Flees Marv
- E6.42 The Khan Sends Tobarg after Gurdiyeh
- E6.46 Gurdiyeh Is Moved to Slay Gostaham
- E6.47 Khosrow Receives and Weds Gurdiyeh
- E6.48 Gurdiyeh Displays Her Grace and Skill
- E7.2 Khosrow’s Love for Shirin
- E7.10 Shiruyeh Is Released
- E7.11 Shiruyeh Sends Khosrow to Tisfoon
- E8.4 Barbad Breaks His Art in Grief
- E10.2 Sa’ad Invades, and Rostam Takes the Field
- E10.5 Yazdegard Withdraws to Khorasan
- E10.9 Yazdegard Hides in the Mill
- E10.13 Bijan Marches against Mahwi
On the maps
A6.19Manuchehr Marches for Vengeance
A7.5Zal Returns to Zabulistan
B2.4Rostam Fetches Kay Qobad from the Alborz; Turan Driven Back over the Jihun
B5.10–B5.11Kavus's Mazandaran Campaign and the Return to Iran
B8.18Rostam and Sohrab Meet in Combat
B10.3–B10.13Rostam's Harrowing of Turan
B10.15–B10.29Giv's Seven-Year Quest and the Flight Home across the Jihun
B10.34–B10.37Bahman Castle and Kay Khosrow's AccessionWhere the name appears
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