New Naqqaliشاهنامه
Place · The Shahnameh · Volumes I, II, III

Iranایران

ee-RAHN

The land of the Iranians, Iraj’s inheritance.

In the poem
First at A0.12, Praise for Sultan Mahmud; last at E10.14, The Death of Mahwi of Sur
Named
1,477 times, in 563 sections
Main stories
C3 The Battle of the Twelve Rukhs (112); E6 Khosrow Parviz (106); C4 The Final Afrasiab Wars and the Disappearance of Kay Khosrow (105)

In the poem’s own words

The 8 sections that name Iran most often, with the summary from the Notes and the couplets that name Iran. Tap a couplet number to read it in the full poem.
B2.4

Rostam Brings Kay Qobad from Alborz

Rostam rides to Alborz, breaking through the Turanian outposts, and finds a young prince feasting by a stream who turns out to be Kay Qobad. Qobad tells of a dream of falcons bearing a crown. On the way back Rostam kills Kulun, and he brings Qobad secretly to Zal.

  • B2.4.5
    Say: ‘All Iran awaits your sovereign hand;No worthier ruler lives in any land.
  • B2.4.6
    The throne and Kayan crown await your reign;Come rescue Iran and end her grief and pain.’”
  • B2.4.18
    These crafty men of Iran strike unseen;Their sudden raids are swift, their purpose keen.”
Iran named 11 times here · read the section in the full poem · notes
B8.12

Kavus Summons Rostam from Zabulistan

Kavus writes urging Rostam to come at once, and Giv rides to Zabul. Rostam cannot believe that a Turk could be so strong, and his own son by Tahmineh must still be a child. He feasts and drinks for three days before setting out.

  • B8.12.6
    No man in Iran dares to meet his hand;You alone can break him where you stand.
  • B8.12.7
    In every trial, none but you can aid,When danger falls and Iran stands dismayed.
  • B8.12.8
    You are the heart and backbone of our line,Through you Iran’s warriors rise and shine.
Iran named 10 times here · read the section in the full poem · notes
B12.22

The Turanians Defeat the Iranians

The armies meet. Houman breaks the Iranian center and Fariborz flees. Giv shames Gudarz into standing firm; Bijan cuts the Kaviani banner in two to bring half of it back. Rivniz son of Kavus is killed, and Bahram saves his crown, but the Iranians are routed with terrible losses.

  • B12.22.60
    Yet fortune would not favor Iran’s side;The hostile tide came on in swelling pride.
  • B12.22.78
    Houman said: “That violet standard flies;Iran’s whole strength and virtue with it rise.
  • B12.22.83
    Perhaps brave Bijan comes with Iran’s sign,And bears the Kaviani standard to our line.”
Iran named 11 times here · read the section in the full poem · notes
B13.21

Gudarz Hears of Rostam’s Coming

The lookout reports a great new Turanian army, and Gudarz despairs. Then the watchman sees banners approaching from Iran. Tus plans a desperate night attack, but news that the Shah’s relief army is near turns the camp to joy.

  • B13.21.2
    The lookout cried, his heart oppressed with woe:“Disaster has undone Iran, I know,
  • B13.21.15
    Survey Iran and Turan from this height;Tell me what movement meets your searching sight.
  • B13.21.16
    Where is the banner of Iran’s great chief?Search left and right, and answer to my grief.”
Iran named 12 times here · read the section in the full poem · notes
B13.24

Piran Consults the Khan of Chin

Kamus scorns Piran’s five months of failure and boasts that he will kill Rostam. The Khan backs him. Piran is relieved to hear that the new arrival is only Fariborz. Tus rouses his men with Rostam’s coming, but they urge him to wait for Rostam.

  • B13.24.2
    “Prepare for battle,” he told old Piran,“For troops have crossed the field from far Iran.
  • B13.24.11
    Yet if I fought alone, Iran would beA name erased by warriors such as me.
  • B13.24.22
    Do not dismay the troops with anxious cries;Iran’s men matter little in my eyes.
Iran named 10 times here · read the section in the full poem · notes
D8.1

Shapur, Son of Hormizd, Surnamed Zul-Aktaf

Iran named 38 times here · read the section in the full poem · notes
D10.19

The Khan of Chin Invades Iran

Word spreads that Bahram neglects his frontiers, and the Khan of Chin invades. The nobles rage while the Shah keeps hunting and secretly arms. He leaves Narsi as regent and rides toward Azargashasp, and the frightened nobles send the Khan a letter of submission.

  • D10.19.6
    From Chin and from Khutan he raised a force,And marched on Iran by the eastern course.
  • D10.19.8
    When Iran heard of Caesar’s troops arrayed,And Chin’s advancing troops, all grew afraid.
  • D10.19.12
    The crown and throne are worthless in your eyes;Iran, the troops, and treasure you despise.”
Iran named 11 times here · read the section in the full poem · notes
E6.11

Bahram Chubin Claims the Throne

Bahram puts the question of the throne to Iran’s chiefs. Some hail him, some urge him to seek Khosrow’s pardon; when one proposes waiting for a royal heir, Bahram swears to behead any woman of the royal line. A written pact is signed and sealed, and he is crowned.

  • E6.11.2
    He called Iran’s nobles to his side,And set them high where kings in glory bide.
  • E6.11.7
    Through that dark deed Iran fell to his hand,And evil’s shadow covered all the land.
  • E6.11.16
    He crossed our border to make free men slaves,And roll Iran beneath invading waves.
Iran named 13 times here · read the section in the full poem · notes
All 563 sections that name Iran
  1. A0.12 Praise for Sultan Mahmud
  2. A4.4 Fortune Flies from Jamshid
  3. A5.4 Fereydoon Questions His Mother
  4. A5.7 Fereydoon Sees the Daughters of Jamshid
  5. A6.2 Jandal Goes to Yemen
  6. A6.3 The King of Yemen Answers Jandal
  7. A6.7 Fereydoon Divides the Realm
  8. A6.8 Salm Grows Envious
  9. A6.9 Salm and Tur Send a Message to Their Father
  10. A6.12 Iraj Is Slain
  11. A6.16 Salm and Tur Hear of the Young Heir
  12. A6.18 Fereydoon Answers His Sons
  13. A6.19 Manuchehr Marches for Vengeance
  14. A6.20 Manuchehr Attacks the Army of Tur
  15. A6.21 Manuchehr Brings Vengeance
  16. A6.22 Fereydoon Receives News from Manuchehr
  17. A6.26 Fereydoon Receives the Head of Salm
  18. A7.2 The Strange Birth of Zal
  19. A8.2 Rudabeh and Her Handmaidens
  20. A8.7 Zal Writes to His Father
  21. A8.8 Sahm Seeks Counsel
  22. A8.11 Manuchehr Hears of Zal and Rudabeh
  23. A8.12 Sahm Comes to Manuchehr
  24. A8.17 Zal Goes with Letter before Manuchehr
  25. A9.5 Rostam Proudly Writes His Father
  26. A9.7 Manuchehr’s Last Counsel to His Son
  27. B1.1 Nohzar Accedes to the Throne
  28. B1.2 Pashang Hears of Manuchehr’s Death
  29. B1.3 Afrasiab Invades Iran
  30. B1.6 Nohzar’s Third Battle with Afrasiab
  31. B1.11 Nohzar Falls to Afrasiab
  32. B1.12 Zal Hears of Nohzar’s Death
  33. B1.14 Zav, the Son of Tahmasp, Is Elected Shah
  34. B2.1 Afrasiab Invades after Garshasp’s Death
  35. B2.2 Rostam Catches Rakhsh
  36. B2.3 Zal Leads Iran against Afrasiab
  37. B2.4 Rostam Brings Kay Qobad from Alborz
  38. B3.3 Afrasiab Goes to His Father
  39. B3.4 Pashang Sues Kay Qobad for Peace
  40. B4.1 The Reign of Kay Kavus, His Sitting upon the Throne, and His Intent to March to Mazandaran
  41. B4.2 Zal Counsels Kay Kavus
  42. B4.3 Kay Kavus Ventures to Mazandaran
  43. B4.4 Kay Kavus Writes to Zal and Rostam
  44. B5.2 Rostam Finds a Spring
  45. B5.6 Rostam Fights the Div Arzhang
  46. B5.7 Rostam Slays the White Div
  47. B5.8 Kavus’s Letter to Mazandaran
  48. B5.9 Rostam’s Embassy to Mazandaran
  49. B5.10 Kavus Wars with Mazandaran
  50. B5.11 Kavus Returns to Iran
  51. B6.1 Kavus Wars with Hamavaran
  52. B6.2 Kavus Seeks Sudabeh’s Hand
  53. B6.3 Hamavaran’s King Imprisons Kavus
  54. B6.4 Afrasiab Invades Iran
  55. B6.6 Rostam Battles the Three Kings
  56. B6.7 Kavus’s Message to Afrasiab
  57. B7.1 Rostam and the Seven Warriors Go Hunting
  58. B7.2 Rostam Battles the Turanians
  59. B7.3 Pilsam Battles the Iranians and Alkus’ Battle
  60. B7.4 Afrasiab Flees the Battlefield
  61. B8.4 Tahmineh Seeks Out Rostam
  62. B8.5 The Birth of Sohrab
  63. B8.6 Sohrab Chooses His Charger
  64. B8.7 Afrasiab Sends Envoys to Sohrab
  65. B8.8 Sohrab Comes to the White Fortress
  66. B8.9 Sohrab Fights with Gordafarid
  67. B8.10 Gazhdaham’s Letter to Kavus
  68. B8.11 Sohrab Takes the White Fortress
  69. B8.12 Kavus Summons Rostam from Zabulistan
  70. B8.13 Kavus’s Anger at Rostam
  71. B8.15 Rostam Slays Zhendeh Razm
  72. B8.16 Sohrab Questions Hajir on Iran’s Chiefs
  73. B8.17 Sohrab Attacks Kavus’s Army
  74. B8.18 Rostam and Sohrab Meet in Combat
  75. B8.19 Rostam and Sohrab Leave the Field
  76. B8.21 The Tragedy of Sohrab
  77. B8.22 Rostam Seeks the Elixir
  78. B8.23 Rostam’s Lament for Sohrab
  79. B8.24 Rostam Returns to Zabulistan
  80. B9.4 Siavash Arrives from Zabulistan
  81. B9.8 Siavash Visits the Bower Again
  82. B9.13 Siavash’s Trial by Fire
  83. B9.15 News of Afrasiab Reaches Kavus
  84. B9.16 Siavash Leads the Army
  85. B9.18 Kavus Replies to Siavash
  86. B9.19 Afrasiab Is Troubled by a Dream
  87. B9.20 Afrasiab Seeks the Sages’ Counsel
  88. B9.21 Afrasiab Consults the Nobles
  89. B9.23 Siavash’s Treaty with Afrasiab
  90. B9.24 Rostam Bears Siavash’s Message
  91. B9.25 Kavus Receives the Message
  92. B9.26 Kavus Dispatches Rostam to Sistan
  93. B9.27 The Shah’s Reply to Siavash
  94. B9.30 Afrasiab’s Offer to Siavash
  95. B9.31 Siavash Yields Command to Bahram
  96. B9.32 Siavash’s Audience with Afrasiab
  97. B9.33 Siavash Displays His Prowess before Afrasiab
  98. B9.34 Siavash Weds Piran’s Daughter
  99. B9.35 Piran Proposes Farangis to Siavash
  100. B9.36 Piran Counsels Afrasiab
  101. B9.40 Siavash Speaks with Piran of the Future
  102. B9.42 Siavash Founds Siavash-Gard
  103. B9.44 Afrasiab Sends Garsivaz to Siavash
  104. B9.46 Siavash Shows His Skill at Polo
  105. B9.47 Garsivaz Returns and Slanders Siavash
  106. B9.48 Garsivaz Returns to Siavash
  107. B9.49 Siavash’s Letter to Afrasiab
  108. B9.50 Afrasiab Marches against Siavash
  109. B9.52 Siavash’s Farewell to Farangis
  110. B9.53 Siavash Is Taken by Afrasiab
  111. B9.54 Farangis Pleads before Afrasiab
  112. B9.56 Piran Shields Farangis
  113. B9.57 The Birth of Kay Khosrow
  114. B9.59 Kay Khosrow Comes before Afrasiab
  115. B10.2 Kavus Hears of Siavash’s Fate
  116. B10.3 Rostam Comes before Kavus
  117. B10.4 Rostam Takes Vengeance
  118. B10.6 Surkha Marches against Rostam
  119. B10.7 Afrasiab Marches to Avenge His Son
  120. B10.8 The Death of Pilsam
  121. B10.9 Afrasiab Flees before Rostam
  122. B10.10 Afrasiab Sends Kay Khosrow to Khutan
  123. B10.13 Rostam’s Harrowing of Turan
  124. B10.14 Rostam Returns to Iran
  125. B10.15 Gudarz’s Dream of Kay Khosrow
  126. B10.17 Giv Finds Kay Khosrow
  127. B10.20 Kay Khosrow, Giv, and Farangis Flee to Iran
  128. B10.21 Giv Puts Kulbad and Nastihan to Flight
  129. B10.22 Piran Pursues Kay Khosrow
  130. B10.23 The Contest of Piran and Giv
  131. B10.26 Afrasiab Comes upon Piran
  132. B10.27 Giv Confronts the Toll-Man
  133. B10.28 Kay Khosrow Crosses the Jihun
  134. B10.29 Kay Khosrow Reaches Isfahan
  135. B10.30 Kay Khosrow Comes before Kavus
  136. B10.31 Tus Refuses Allegiance to Kay Khosrow
  137. B10.32 Gudarz’s Anger at Tus
  138. B10.33 The Kingship Is Debated before Kavus
  139. B10.36 Kay Khosrow’s Triumphant Return
  140. B11.1 The Prelude
  141. B11.3 Kay Khosrow Surveys His Kingdom
  142. B11.4 The Vow of Vengeance against Afrasiab
  143. B11.6 Kay Khosrow Honors the Pahlevans
  144. B11.7 Rostam Is Sent to the Land of Hind
  145. B12.2 Tus Goes to Turkistan
  146. B12.3 News of Tus Reaches Forood
  147. B12.4 Forood and Tokhvar Survey the Troops
  148. B12.5 Bahram Meets Forood on the Mountain
  149. B12.9 Tus Battles Forood
  150. B12.11 Bijan Battles Forood
  151. B12.12 The Death of Forood
  152. B12.13 The Death of Jarireh
  153. B12.14 The March to Kasa Rud
  154. B12.15 The Snowstorm Campaign
  155. B12.16 Bahram Captures Kabuda
  156. B12.17 The Iranians Battle Tazhav
  157. B12.19 Piran’s Night Attack
  158. B12.20 Kay Khosrow Recalls Tus
  159. B12.22 The Turanians Defeat the Iranians
  160. B12.23 Bahram Returns to Seek His Whip
  161. B12.24 Tazhav Slays Bahram
  162. B12.25 Giv Avenges Bahram
  163. B12.26 The Iranians Return to Khosrow
  164. B13.4 Khosrow Dispatches Tus to Turan
  165. B13.5 Piran’s Message to the Army of Iran
  166. B13.6 Afrasiab Sends an Army to Piran
  167. B13.7 Tus Slays Arzhang
  168. B13.8 Tus and Houman Meet in Combat
  169. B13.9 The Second Battle of Iran and Turan
  170. B13.10 The Turanians Use Sorcery
  171. B13.11 The Retreat to Mount Hamavan
  172. B13.12 The Turanians Besiege Hamavan
  173. B13.13 Piran’s March to Mount Hamavan
  174. B13.14 The Iranians Make a Night-Attack, Tus, Giv, Rohham Are Surrounded but Are Saved
  175. B13.15 Khosrow Learns of His Army’s Plight
  176. B13.16 Fariborz Asks for Farangis’s Hand
  177. B13.17 Tus Sees Siavash in a Dream
  178. B13.18 Afrasiab Sends Aid to Piran
  179. B13.19 The Coming of the Khan of Chin
  180. B13.20 The Iranians Debate Their Course
  181. B13.21 Gudarz Hears of Rostam’s Coming
  182. B13.22 The Khan Surveys the Iranian Army
  183. B13.23 Fariborz Reaches Mount Hamavan
  184. B13.24 Piran Consults the Khan of Chin
  185. B13.25 Giv and Tus Battle Kamus
  186. B13.26 The Coming of Rostam
  187. B13.27 Iran and Turan Set Their Battle Lines
  188. B13.28 Rostam Battles Ashkabus
  189. B13.29 Piran Reckons with Rostam’s Coming
  190. B13.30 Iran and Turan Prepare for Battle
  191. B13.31 Kamus Slays Alva
  192. B13.32 Rostam Slays Kamus
  193. B14.1 The Khan Learns Kamus Is Slain
  194. B14.2 Chingish Faces Rostam
  195. B14.3 Houman Bears the Khan’s Message
  196. B14.5 Piran Comes before Rostam
  197. B14.6 Turan’s Counsel before Battle
  198. B14.7 Rostam Exhorts the Troops
  199. B14.8 The Battle Lines Are Drawn
  200. B14.10 Battle Is Joined
  201. B14.11 Rostam Puts Shangul to Flight
  202. B14.12 Rostam Battles Sava
  203. B14.13 Rostam Slays Gahar of Gahan
  204. B14.14 The Khan Is Taken Prisoner
  205. B14.16 Rostam Divides the Spoils
  206. B14.18 The Shah Replies to Rostam
  207. B14.19 Afrasiab Hears of His Army’s Defeat
  208. B14.20 Rostam Fights Kafur the Maneater
  209. B14.21 Afrasiab Hears of Rostam’s Coming
  210. B14.22 Afrasiab Writes to Puladvand
  211. B14.24 Rostam Battles Puladvand
  212. B14.25 Rostam Wrestles Puladvand
  213. B14.26 Afrasiab Flees before Rostam
  214. B14.27 Rostam’s Return to Court
  215. B14.28 Rostam Returns to Sistan
  216. C1.4 Akvan Flings Rostam into the Sea
  217. C2.2 Irman’s People Appeal to Khosrow
  218. C2.3 Bijan Goes to Fight the Wild Boars
  219. C2.5 Bijan Seeks Manijeh
  220. C2.7 Manijeh Carries Bijan to Her Palace
  221. C2.8 Bijan Is Brought before Afrasiab
  222. C2.9 Piran Pleads for Bijan’s Life
  223. C2.11 Gorgin Brings False Tidings of Bijan
  224. C2.12 Giv Brings Gorgin before Khosrow
  225. C2.14 Khosrow Writes to Rostam
  226. C2.15 Giv Brings Word to Rostam
  227. C2.16 Giv Is Feasted by Rostam
  228. C2.17 Rostam Comes to Khosrow
  229. C2.18 The Pahlevans Feast with Khosrow
  230. C2.21 Rostam Goes to Khutan to Piran
  231. C2.22 Manijeh Seeks Out Rostam
  232. C2.23 Bijan Learns Rostam Is Coming
  233. C2.25 Rostam Attacks Afrasiab’s Palace by Night
  234. C2.26 Afrasiab Comes against Rostam
  235. C2.27 The Iranians Defeat Afrasiab
  236. C2.28 Rostam’s Return to Kay Khosrow
  237. C3.2 Afrasiab Summons the Army of Turan
  238. C3.3 Kay Khosrow Sends Gudarz against Turan
  239. C3.4 Giv Carries Word from Gudarz to Piran
  240. C3.5 Giv’s Visit to Piran
  241. C3.6 The Armies Are Set in Array
  242. C3.7 Bijan Urges Giv to Fight
  243. C3.8 Houman Seeks Leave for Battle
  244. C3.9 Houman Challenges Rohham
  245. C3.10 Houman Challenges Fariborz
  246. C3.11 Houman Challenges Gudarz
  247. C3.12 News of Houman Reaches Bijan
  248. C3.14 Houman and Bijan Meet in Combat
  249. C3.15 Bijan Slays Houman
  250. C3.16 Nastihan Is Slain in a Night-Attack
  251. C3.17 Gudarz Appeals to Khosrow
  252. C3.18 Khosrow Sends His Reply
  253. C3.20 Piran’s Letter to Gudarz
  254. C3.21 Gudarz Replies to Piran
  255. C3.22 Piran Seeks Afrasiab’s Aid
  256. C3.23 Afrasiab Replies to Piran
  257. C3.24 Iran and Turan Fight a Pitched Battle
  258. C3.25 Giv’s Horse Falters before Piran
  259. C3.26 The Battle of Eleven Rukhs Is Arranged
  260. C3.27 Piran Exhorts His Champions
  261. C3.28 Gudarz and Piran Choose the Warriors
  262. C3.39 Gudarz Battles Piran
  263. C3.40 Gudarz Returns from Battle
  264. C3.41 Lahhak and Farshidvard Bewail Piran
  265. C3.42 Lahhak and Farshidvard Return to Turan
  266. C3.43 Gostaham Pursues Lahhak and Farshidvard
  267. C3.44 Bijan Follows Gostaham
  268. C3.45 The Deaths of Lahhak and Farshidvard
  269. C3.47 Piran Is Honored, and Gurvi Is Slain
  270. C3.48 Turan Seeks Quarter from Kay Khosrow
  271. C3.49 Bijan Returns with Gostaham
  272. C4.1 Praise for Sultan Mahmud
  273. C4.3 Afrasiab Hears of Piran’s Death
  274. C4.4 Kay Khosrow Hears of Afrasiab’s Advance
  275. C4.5 Shideh Appears before His Father
  276. C4.6 Afrasiab Sends Envoys to Khosrow
  277. C4.7 Khosrow Replies to Afrasiab
  278. C4.8 Kay Khosrow Battles Shideh
  279. C4.9 Khosrow Slays Shideh
  280. C4.10 The Armies Meet in Battle
  281. C4.11 Afrasiab Is Put to Flight
  282. C4.12 Khosrow Sends News of Victory to Kavus
  283. C4.14 Khosrow Crosses the Jihun
  284. C4.16 Gang-Behesht Shelters Afrasiab
  285. C4.18 Kay Khosrow Reaches Gang-Behesht
  286. C4.21 Gang-Behesht Falls to Kay Khosrow
  287. C4.22 Afrasiab Flees from Gang-Behesht
  288. C4.24 Kay Khosrow Exhorts the Iranians
  289. C4.26 Afrasiab Returns with the Faghfoor of Chin
  290. C4.27 Afrasiab’s Message to Kay Khosrow
  291. C4.28 The Iranians and Turanians Fight
  292. C4.29 Afrasiab’s Night Attack Fails
  293. C4.31 Afrasiab Crosses the Sea
  294. C4.32 Khosrow Sends Spoils and Captives to Kavus
  295. C4.34 Khosrow’s Embassy to the Faghfoor and Makran
  296. C4.35 Khosrow Battles the King of Makran
  297. C4.36 Kay Khosrow Crosses the Sea
  298. C4.37 Kay Khosrow Reaches Gangdezh
  299. C4.38 Khosrow Returns to His Father’s City
  300. C4.39 Khosrow’s Return from Turan
  301. C4.40 Kay Khosrow Returns to His Grandfather
  302. C4.46 The Death of Kay Kavus
  303. C4.49 Zal and Rostam Are Summoned
  304. C4.51 Zal Admonishes Kay Khosrow
  305. C4.52 Kay Khosrow Answers Zal
  306. C4.53 Zal Reproaches Khosrow
  307. C4.54 Khosrow’s Answer and Zal’s Apology
  308. C4.55 Kay Khosrow Gives His Last Counsel
  309. C4.56 Gudarz Receives Khosrow’s Mandate
  310. C4.57 Zal Petitions Khosrow for Rostam
  311. C4.58 Giv Receives Khosrow’s Patent
  312. C4.59 Tus Receives Khosrow’s Patent
  313. C4.60 Kay Khosrow Names Lohrasp Shah
  314. C4.61 Khosrow Takes Leave of His Women
  315. C4.62 Kay Khosrow Vanishes in the Snow
  316. C4.64 Lohrasp Learns Kay Khosrow Has Vanished
  317. C5.3 Goshtasb Returns with Zarir
  318. C5.4 Goshtasb Sets Off for Rum
  319. C5.5 Goshtasb Arrives in Rum
  320. C5.9 Murin’s Suit for Caesar’s Daughter
  321. C5.16 Caesar Demands Iran’s Tribute
  322. C5.17 Zarir Bears Word to Caesar
  323. C5.18 Goshtasb Receives the Kingship
  324. C6.3 Zardosht Appears before Goshtasb
  325. C6.4 Goshtasb Refuses Tribute to Arjasp
  326. C6.5 Arjasp’s Letter to Goshtasb
  327. C6.6 Arjasp Sends Envoys to Goshtasb
  328. C6.7 Zarir Replies to Arjasp
  329. C6.8 The Envoys Bear Goshtasb’s Answer
  330. C6.10 Goshtasb Hears Jamasp’s Prophecy
  331. C6.14 Zarir Is Slain by Bidarfesh
  332. C6.16 Esfandiyar Marches against Arjasp
  333. C6.18 Arjasp Flees from the Battle
  334. C6.19 The Turks Ask Mercy of Esfandiyar
  335. C6.20 Goshtasb Returns to Balkh
  336. C6.21 Esfandiyar Spreads the Faith of Zardosht
  337. C6.25 Arjasp Prepares the Second War
  338. C6.27 Lohrasp Falls at Balkh
  339. C6.28 News of Lohrasp’s Death Reaches Goshtasb
  340. C6.30 Jamasp Visits Esfandiyar
  341. C6.32 Esfandiyar Reaches Goshtasb
  342. C6.33 Esfandiyar Is Sent Again to Fight Arjasp
  343. C7.2 The Wolves of the First Stage
  344. C7.6 The Simorgh of the Fifth Stage
  345. C7.7 The Snow of the Sixth Stage
  346. C7.8 The River of the Seventh Stage
  347. C7.9 Esfandiyar’s Guile at the Ruyin Dezh
  348. C7.10 The Sisters Recognize Esfandiyar
  349. C7.11 Bishutan Attacks the Ruyin Dezh
  350. C7.12 Esfandiyar Slays Arjasp
  351. C7.13 Esfandiyar Slays Kuhram
  352. C7.14 Esfandiyar’s Letter to Goshtasb
  353. C7.15 Esfandiyar Returns to Goshtasb
  354. C8.1 Esfandiyar Presses His Claim
  355. C8.3 Goshtasb Replies to His Son
  356. C8.5 Esfandiyar Marches to Zabul
  357. C8.6 Esfandiyar Sends Bahman to Rostam
  358. C8.8 Bahman Delivers Esfandiyar’s Message
  359. C8.9 Rostam Answers Esfandiyar
  360. C8.11 Rostam and Esfandiyar Meet
  361. C8.13 Esfandiyar Makes Excuse to Rostam
  362. C8.16 Esfandiyar Vaunts His Lineage
  363. C8.17 Rostam Boasts of His Valor
  364. C8.18 Rostam and Esfandiyar Drink Together
  365. C8.19 Rostam Returns to His Palace
  366. C8.20 Zal Advises Rostam
  367. C8.21 Rostam Battles Esfandiyar
  368. C8.28 Esfandiyar’s Last Wishes
  369. C8.29 Bishutan Brings Esfandiyar Home
  370. C9.1 The Prelude
  371. C9.2 Rostam Comes to Kabul for His Brother
  372. C9.4 The Death of Rostam
  373. C9.6 Faramarz Avenges Rostam
  374. D1.4 Bahman Releases Zal
  375. D1.5 Bahman Marries His Daughter Homahyi
  376. D2.4 How Rashnavad Learned of Darab
  377. D2.5 Darab Fights the Roman Army
  378. D2.6 Homahyi Recognizes Her Son
  379. D2.7 Homahyi Seats Darab on the Throne
  380. D3.2 Darab Defeats the Army of Shaeeb
  381. D3.3 Darab Fights Faylaqus and Weds His Daughter
  382. D4.2 Faylaqus Dies and Iskandar Gains the Throne
  383. D4.3 Iskandar Visits Dara Disguised as an Ambassador
  384. D4.4 Dara Fights Iskandar and Is Worsted
  385. D4.5 Dara Fights Iskandar a Second Time
  386. D4.7 Dara Proposes Peace to Iskandar
  387. D4.8 Dara Is Slain by His Chiefs
  388. D4.9 Dara Tells His Last Wishes to Iskandar and Dies
  389. D4.10 Iskandar Writes to the Chiefs of Iran
  390. D5.1 Iskandar Gains the Throne of Iran
  391. D5.2 Iskandar Proposes Marriage to Dara’s Daughter
  392. D5.4 Iskandar Sends His Mother to Fetch Roshanak
  393. D5.6 Iskandar Marches against Kayd of Hind
  394. D5.13 Foor Answers Iskandar’s Letter
  395. D5.14 Iskandar Makes Iron Steeds Filled with Naphtha
  396. D5.15 Iskandar Fights the Army of Foor
  397. D5.20 Iskandar Plays Envoy and Is Recognized
  398. D5.28 Iskandar and the City of Women
  399. D5.35 Iskandar Goes to Babil and Writes to Arastatilis
  400. D5.36 Iskandar’s Letter to His Mother
  401. D5.37 The Death of Iskandar
  402. D6.1 Praise for Mahmud
  403. D6.3 Babak Dreams of Sasan, Descendant of Dara
  404. D6.4 Ardeshir Babakan and His Rival
  405. D6.5 Golnar Falls in Love with Ardeshir
  406. D6.13 Ardeshir Fights Haftvad and Is Defeated
  407. D6.15 Ardeshir Discovers the Truth about the Worm
  408. D6.16 Ardeshir Slays Haftvad
  409. D7.2 Ardeshir and the Daughter of Ardavan
  410. D7.4 Ardeshir Writes to Kayd of Hind
  411. D7.7 Ardeshir’s Wise Administration of the Realm
  412. D7.8 Kharrad Praises Ardeshir
  413. D7.12 Shapur, Son of Ardeshir
  414. D7.14 Bahram, Son of Hormizd
  415. D7.15 The Reign of Bahram, Son of Bahram
  416. D8.1 Shapur, Son of Hormizd, Surnamed Zul-Aktaf
  417. D8.2 The Reign of Ardeshir, Brother of Shapur
  418. D8.3 The Reign of Shapur, Son of Shapur
  419. D9.8 The Iranians Place Khosrow on the Throne
  420. D9.9 Bahram Goor Marches to Claim the Throne
  421. D9.10 The Iranians Protest Bahram’s Ravages to Monzer
  422. D9.11 Bahram Goor Approaches with Monzer’s Army
  423. D9.12 Bahram Goor Claims His Right to Rule
  424. D10.1 Bahram Goor’s Accession and First Commands
  425. D10.2 Bahram Pardons Iran and Remits the Arrears
  426. D10.3 Bahram Visits Lambak the Water-Carrier
  427. D10.12 Bahram’s Dragon-Slaying and Visit to a Yokel
  428. D10.14 Bahram Slays Lions and Weds Arezu
  429. D10.17 Bahram’s Lion-Hunt
  430. D10.18 Bahram’s Gur-e-Khar Hunt before the Princes
  431. D10.19 The Khan of Chin Invades Iran
  432. D10.21 Bahram Marks the Frontier and Crowns Shahra
  433. D10.22 Bahram Returns to Iran in Triumph
  434. D10.24 Bahram Receives Caesar’s Envoy
  435. D10.26 Bahram’s Embassy to Shangul of Hind
  436. D10.27 Shangul Answers Bahram’s Letter
  437. D10.28 Shangul’s Feast and Bahram’s Prowess
  438. D10.29 Shangul Detains Bahram in Hind
  439. D10.30 Bahram Slays the Wolf for Shangul
  440. D10.31 Bahram Slays a Dragon
  441. D10.32 Shangul Gives His Daughter to Bahram
  442. D10.33 Faghfoor of Chin Writes to Bahram
  443. D10.34 Bahram’s Flight from Hind to Iran
  444. D10.35 Shangul Learns Bahram’s Identity
  445. D10.37 Shangul and Seven Kings Visit Bahram
  446. D10.38 Bahram Remits the Landowners’ Tax
  447. D10.40 Bahram Goor’s Time Comes to an End
  448. D11.1 The Reign of Yazdegard, Son of Bahram Goor
  449. D11.3 The Reign of Pirooz
  450. D11.4 Balawsh
  451. D12.2 The Fall of Sofrye
  452. D12.3 Jamasp Takes the Throne after Qobad’s Fall
  453. D12.4 Qobad’s Escape and Flight to the Heytalians
  454. D12.5 Qobad Returns and Reascends the Throne
  455. D12.6 Qobad Adopts the Faith of Mazdak
  456. D12.7 Anooshirvan Overthrows Mazdak’s Faith
  457. D12.8 Anooshirvan Is Named Qobad’s Successor
  458. D13.4 Anooshirvan Orders the Army Assembled
  459. D13.5 The Kings Acknowledge Anooshirvan
  460. D13.6 Anooshirvan Fortifies the Pass
  461. D13.7 Anooshirvan Subdues the Borderlands
  462. D13.8 Monzer Seeks Justice from Anooshirvan
  463. D13.10 Caesar Answers Anooshirvan
  464. D13.13 Anooshirvan Defeats Caesar’s Army
  465. D13.15 Caesar Sends Tribute to Anooshirvan
  466. D13.16 The Birth of Anooshirvan’s Son Nushzad
  467. D13.18 Anooshirvan Orders Nushzad’s Capture
  468. D13.19 The Death of Nushzad
  469. D13.20 Bozorgmehr’s Seven Feasts
  470. E1.3 Anooshirvan’s Wisdom and Sursan
  471. E1.4 Ghatfar Defeated, Faghanish Crowned
  472. E1.5 Anooshirvan Marches against the Khan
  473. E1.6 The Khan Writes for Peace
  474. E1.7 Anooshirvan Replies to the Khan
  475. E1.8 The Khan Proposes Alliance by Marriage
  476. E1.9 Anooshirvan Sends for the Khan’s Daughter
  477. E1.10 The Khan Sends Bride and Treasure
  478. E1.11 Anooshirvan Marches to Tisfoon
  479. E1.12 Anooshirvan’s Just Rule
  480. E2.1 Chess Comes to Anooshirvan
  481. E2.2 Bozorgmehr Answers Chess with Nard
  482. E3.3 Anooshirvan’s Wise Replies
  483. E4.1 Anooshirvan Prepares to March on Rum
  484. E4.2 Anooshirvan and the Shoemaker
  485. E4.3 Apologies and Gifts from Caesar
  486. E4.5 Hormizd Answers the Mobadan
  487. E5.2 Hormizd’s Slaughter of the Ministers
  488. E5.4 The Realm Rises against Hormizd
  489. E5.5 Hormizd Calls for Bahram Chubin
  490. E5.6 Bahram Chubin Takes Command
  491. E5.7 Bahram Chubin Rides against Saveh
  492. E5.8 Bahram Chubin Answers King Saveh
  493. E5.10 The Second Exchange with King Saveh
  494. E5.11 Bahram Chubin Slays King Saveh
  495. E5.12 Bahram Chubin Announces His Victory
  496. E5.14 Parmudeh Seeks Mercy from Bahram
  497. E5.16 Bahram Chubin’s Anger at Parmudeh
  498. E5.17 Parmudeh Appears before Hormizd
  499. E5.20 Bahram Turns the Insult
  500. E5.21 The Lady Foretells Bahram’s Future
  501. E5.23 Bahram Sends Swords to Hormizd
  502. E5.24 Bahram Chubin Reveals His Ambition
  503. E5.25 Bahram’s Plan of the Coinage
  504. E5.26 Bahram’s Letter and Khosrow’s Flight
  505. E5.28 Hormizd Refuses Audience and Falls
  506. E5.29 Khosrow Learns of His Father’s Blinding
  507. E6.5 Khosrow and Bahram Parley
  508. E6.6 Gurdiyeh’s Counsel and Khosrow’s Purpose
  509. E6.7 Khosrow Flees the Night Attack
  510. E6.11 Bahram Chubin Claims the Throne
  511. E6.12 The Plot against Bahram Chubin
  512. E6.13 The Hermit’s Prophecy to Khosrow
  513. E6.14 Caesar’s Horseman Comes to Khosrow
  514. E6.15 Caesar’s Reply to Khosrow
  515. E6.16 Caesar Refuses Aid to Khosrow
  516. E6.17 Khosrow Receives Caesar’s Second Letter
  517. E6.18 Khosrow Replies on the Alliance
  518. E6.20 Kharrad’s Counsel to Caesar
  519. E6.21 Caesar Sends Aid and a Bride
  520. E6.22 Bandvi Meets Khosrow on the Road
  521. E6.23 The Intercepted Letter of Bahram Chubin
  522. E6.24 Khosrow Battles Bahram Chubin
  523. E6.25 Soroush Saves Khosrow from Bahram
  524. E6.28 Khosrow Takes Bahram’s Camp
  525. E6.29 Maryam Reconciles Niyatus and Bandvi
  526. E6.30 Khosrow Rewards Niyatus and the Romans
  527. E6.32 Bahram Chubin and the Khan of Chin
  528. E6.34 Bahram Chubin Slays the Lion-Ape
  529. E6.35 Khosrow Writes to the Khan of Bahram
  530. E6.36 Kharrad’s Mission to the Khan
  531. E6.37 Bahram Falls by Kharrad’s Design
  532. E6.40 The Khan’s Suit to Gurdiyeh
  533. E6.41 Gurdiyeh Takes Counsel and Flees Marv
  534. E6.42 The Khan Sends Tobarg after Gurdiyeh
  535. E6.46 Gurdiyeh Is Moved to Slay Gostaham
  536. E6.51 The Ordering of Khosrow’s Realm
  537. E6.52 The Ill-Omened Birth of Shiruyeh
  538. E6.53 Caesar Seeks the Cross of Christ
  539. E6.54 Khosrow Answers with Gifts
  540. E7.3 The Nobles Question Khosrow over Shirin
  541. E7.5 Khosrow Builds the Throne of Taqdis
  542. E7.7 Khosrow Parviz Builds the City of Madain
  543. E7.8 The Majesty of Khosrow Parviz
  544. E7.9 Khosrow’s Injustice and the Chiefs’ Revolt
  545. E7.10 Shiruyeh Is Released
  546. E7.11 Shiruyeh Sends Khosrow to Tisfoon
  547. E8.1 Shiruyeh Takes the Throne
  548. E8.2 Khosrow Parviz Answers Shiruyeh
  549. E8.4 Barbad Breaks His Art in Grief
  550. E8.6 The Deaths of Shirin and Shiruyeh
  551. E9.1 Ardeshir, Son of Shiruyeh, Takes the Throne
  552. E9.2 Ardeshir Is Slain by Guraz’s Design
  553. E9.3 The Reign of Guraz, Also Called Farayin
  554. E10.1 Yazdegard Ascends the Throne
  555. E10.2 Sa’ad Invades, and Rostam Takes the Field
  556. E10.3 Rostam and Sa’ad Exchange Letters
  557. E10.5 Yazdegard Withdraws to Khorasan
  558. E10.7 Yazdegard Appeals to the Frontier Lords
  559. E10.9 Yazdegard Hides in the Mill
  560. E10.10 The Plot against Yazdegard
  561. E10.12 Mahwi of Sur Takes the Throne
  562. E10.13 Bijan Marches against Mahwi
  563. E10.14 The Death of Mahwi of Sur

On the maps

Where the name appears

Named mentions by book, from the Universe Registry, the index behind this site. Titles and epithets are not counted.
A0The Prelude2A4The First Kings: Jamshid and the Rise of Zahhak3A5Zahhak’s Tyranny and the Uprising of Kaveh5A6The First Kings: Fereydoon20A7The First Kings: Manuchehr1A8The Story of Zal and Rudabeh10A9The Birth and Early Feats of Rostam; Manuchehr’s Closing Counsel2B1The Crisis after Manuchehr20B2Garshasp and the Transition to Kayanian Kingship18B3Kay Qobad4B4The War with Mazandaran20B5The Seven Labors of Rostam10B6The Folly of Kay Kavus21B7The Fight of the Seven Warriors10B8The Tragedy of Rostam & Sohrab57B9The Story of Siavash77B10Vengeance for Siavash and the Retrieval of Kay Khosrow58B11Kay Khosrow’s Kingship8B12Forood and the Snowstorm Campaign62B13Mount Hamavan and the Kamus Campaign102B14The Great Battle with the Khan of Chin72C1Rostam and the Div Akvan1C2The Tale of Bijan and Manijeh58C3The Battle of the Twelve Rukhs112C4The Final Afrasiab Wars and the Disappearance of Kay Khosrow105C5Lohrasp18C6Goshtasb, Zardosht, and the War with Arjasp33C7Esfandiyar’s Seven Stages and the Ruyin Dezh18C8The Tragedy of Rostam and Esfandiyar37C9Rostam and Shaghad5D1The Reign of Bahman, Son of Esfandiyar2D2Homahyi and the Founding of Darab’s Line6D3Darab2D4Dara and Iskandar21D5The Iskandar Cycle20D6The Ashkanian Dynasty8D7The Early Sasanians8D8The Shapur Zul-Aktaf Cycle and Later Early Sasanian Reigns40D9Yazdegard I and the Rise of Bahram Goor23D10The Bahram Goor Cycle: Justice, Foreign Adventures, and End of a Reign62D11Short Reigns and a Crisis with Khoshnavaz14D12Qobad and the Mazdakite Revolution12D13Anooshirvan and the Road to the End-time24E1The Story of Mahbud and Other Matters27E2Chess, Wisdom, and the Kalila and Dimna4E3Bozorgmehr’s Fall and Restoration2E4Anooshirvan’s Last Years6E5Hormizd, Son of Anooshirvan47E6Khosrow Parviz106E7The Story of Khosrow Parviz and Shirin19E8Shiruyeh’s Coup and the End of the Great Reign16E9The Years of Chaos11E10Yazdegard28

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