New Naqqaliشاهنامه
Fereydoon and His Sons · A6.4

Fereydoon’s Sons Go to Yemen

The princes enter Yemen in ceremonial splendor, then demonstrate that correct judgment can distinguish age from a misleading arrangement of seats.

F&R English · 22 couplets · 4 commentary entries

The chapter in five texts

TextChapter treatment and distinctive choices
F&R EnglishTwenty-two couplets make a full arrival-and-identification chapter.
MoscowThe princes’ visit falls within the fuller printed marriage sequence; Ganjoor’s section boundaries cannot define its whole extent.
MohlPp 65–66 retain the palace description and identification exchange.
GanjoorSh4.1–10 supplies arrival and palace. The identification exchange has no counterpart in its poem body.
KhaleghiPp 100–101 print the identification exchange in the main text, beyond the earlier bracketed briefing.

Parallel text

English left · Persian right. Ganjoor is the reference except where a row names a printed source. Select a number to open the relevant note. G identifiers distinguish digital sections across chapter boundaries.

1–7+
The three prepared and called Mobadan near,
And set upon their journey, purpose clear.
An army like the heavens moved in train,
With sun-faced men renowned across the plain.
When Sarv was told the princes were close by,
He decked his army bright with pheasant dye.
A mighty welcoming force he sent ahead,
By wise kinsmen and men of honor led.
When those three princes entered Yemen’s land,
Both men and women came from every hand.
They scattered jewels with saffron in their way,
And musk with wine was poured throughout the day.
Their horses’ manes with musk and wine were wet,
While golden coins beneath their feet were set.
سوی خانه رفتند هر سه چو باد
شب آمد بخفتند پیروز و شاد
چو خورشید زد عکس برآسمان
پراگند بر لاژورد ارغوان
برفتند و هر سه بیاراستند
ابا خویشتن موبدان خواستند
کشیدند با لشکری چون سپهر
همه نامداران خورشیدچهر
چو از آمدنشان شد آگاه سرو
بیاراست لشکر چو پر تذرو
فرستادشان لشکری گشن پیش
چه بیگانه فرزانگان و چه خویش
شدند این سه پرمایه اندر یمن
برون آمدند از یمن مرد و زن
همی گوهر و زعفران ریختند
همی مشک با می برآمیختند
همه یال اسپان پر از مشک و می
پراگنده دینار در زیر پی
Ganjoor · f4:1-9
8–10+
A palace bright as Paradise arose,
Prepared in splendor for the guests’ repose.
With gold and silver every chamber shone,
And Roman brocade decked the jeweled throne.
King Sarv received the princes at his hall,
And gave a monarch’s welcome to them all.
نشستن گهی ساخت شاه یمن
همه نامداران شدند انجمن
Ganjoor · f4:10
11–16+
At dawn King Sarv’s three daughters duly came,
Just as Fereydoon had foretold his aim.
Like shining moons, they entered, fair and bright,
So bright their faces dazzled mortal sight.
They sat exactly as the Shah had said,
In that same order Sarv had planned instead.
Then Sarv addressed the three and asked them plain:
“Which of these stars is youngest? Now explain.
Which one is middle, which the eldest maid?
Now tell me how their order is arrayed.”
They answered as their father’s lessons taught,
And broke the snare that cunning Sarv had wrought.
میانه کدامست و کهتر کدام
بباید بر این گونه برد نام
Selected Khaleghi p 100; compare Mohl p 66
17–22+
King Sarv stood with his warriors amazed,
By wisdom all three princes had displayed.
King Sarv perceived his mixing plan had failed;
Confusing colors nothing now availed.
He said, “The proper order now is clear:
Give young to young, the elder to her peer.”
Thus all the marriage bonds were now agreed,
And Sarv accepted each in word and deed.
Three crown-bearing women faced the three,
Their brows shone damp with shame for all to see.
With modest grace they turned toward their room,
Soft words upon their lips had yet to bloom.
بگفتند از آن گونه کاموختند
سبک چشم نیرنگ بر دوختند
بدانست شاه گرانمایه زود
گر آمیزش رنگ نایدش سود
Selected Khaleghi p 101; compare Mohl p 66

Narrative and poetic form

The distinction between the briefing’s bracketed status and the enacted test’s main-text status is more useful than a blanket claim that one edition either contains or rejects “the Yemen story.”

Couplet commentary

Quoted text · evidence · interpretation
1–7Royal arrival
1–7
The three prepared and called Mobadan near,
And set upon their journey, purpose clear.
An army like the heavens moved in train,
With sun-faced men renowned across the plain.
When Sarv was told the princes were close by,
He decked his army bright with pheasant dye.
A mighty welcoming force he sent ahead,
By wise kinsmen and men of honor led.
When those three princes entered Yemen’s land,
Both men and women came from every hand.
They scattered jewels with saffron in their way,
And musk with wine was poured throughout the day.
Their horses’ manes with musk and wine were wet,
While golden coins beneath their feet were set.
سوی خانه رفتند هر سه چو باد
شب آمد بخفتند پیروز و شاد
چو خورشید زد عکس برآسمان
پراگند بر لاژورد ارغوان
برفتند و هر سه بیاراستند
ابا خویشتن موبدان خواستند
کشیدند با لشکری چون سپهر
همه نامداران خورشیدچهر
چو از آمدنشان شد آگاه سرو
بیاراست لشکر چو پر تذرو
فرستادشان لشکری گشن پیش
چه بیگانه فرزانگان و چه خویش
شدند این سه پرمایه اندر یمن
برون آمدند از یمن مرد و زن
همی گوهر و زعفران ریختند
همی مشک با می برآمیختند
همه یال اسپان پر از مشک و می
پراگنده دینار در زیر پی
Ganjoor · f4:1-9
Textual evidence

The departure, escort, jewels, perfumes and ceremonial meeting correspond to Ganjoor’s first nine couplets, with compression at the opening.

Interpretation

The wealth is a language of royal equivalence, answering the diplomacy of the embassy. The princes arrive as a coordinated group; their individual dispositions will emerge in the trials.

Return to parallel text

8–10The furnished palace
8–10
A palace bright as Paradise arose,
Prepared in splendor for the guests’ repose.
With gold and silver every chamber shone,
And Roman brocade decked the jeweled throne.
King Sarv received the princes at his hall,
And gave a monarch’s welcome to them all.
نشستن گهی ساخت شاه یمن
همه نامداران شدند انجمن
Ganjoor · f4:10
Textual evidence

Ganjoor briefly places the princes in the decorated palace. Mohl p 65 and Khaleghi p 100 give the palace, imperial textiles and golden building imagery more space.

Interpretation

The English’s architectural detail has a fuller printed setting. “Gold” and “paradise” form a conventional register of royal magnificence; they need not be taken as measurements of literal building materials.

Return to parallel text

11–16The king’s questions
11–16
At dawn King Sarv’s three daughters duly came,
Just as Fereydoon had foretold his aim.
Like shining moons, they entered, fair and bright,
So bright their faces dazzled mortal sight.
They sat exactly as the Shah had said,
In that same order Sarv had planned instead.
Then Sarv addressed the three and asked them plain:
“Which of these stars is youngest? Now explain.
Which one is middle, which the eldest maid?
Now tell me how their order is arrayed.”
They answered as their father’s lessons taught,
And broke the snare that cunning Sarv had wrought.
میانه کدامست و کهتر کدام
بباید بر این گونه برد نام
Selected Khaleghi p 100; compare Mohl p 66
Textual evidence

Khaleghi p 100 and Mohl p 66 print Sarv’s presentation of the daughters and his questions identifying eldest, middle and youngest. Ganjoor passes directly to the wedding sequence.

Interpretation

The English preserves an actual test rather than adding a decorative encounter. Because the father has warned them beforehand, success combines composure with the careful use of counsel.

Return to parallel text

17–22Recognizing beyond appearances
17–22
King Sarv stood with his warriors amazed,
By wisdom all three princes had displayed.
King Sarv perceived his mixing plan had failed;
Confusing colors nothing now availed.
He said, “The proper order now is clear:
Give young to young, the elder to her peer.”
Thus all the marriage bonds were now agreed,
And Sarv accepted each in word and deed.
Three crown-bearing women faced the three,
Their brows shone damp with shame for all to see.
With modest grace they turned toward their room,
Soft words upon their lips had yet to bloom.
بگفتند از آن گونه کاموختند
سبک چشم نیرنگ بر دوختند
بدانست شاه گرانمایه زود
گر آمیزش رنگ نایدش سود
Selected Khaleghi p 101; compare Mohl p 66
Textual evidence

The printed answer identifies the youngest in front and the eldest at the rear, leaving the middle in the middle. Sarv realizes that the apparent rearrangement has not deceived them.

Interpretation

The scene rewards trained perception. The English’s explanatory finish helps the reader register why a seemingly simple question was meant to defeat the visitors; it is not necessary to compress it to the shorter digital narrative.

Return to parallel text

Chapter source record