Qobadقباد
Kay Qobad, founder of the Kayanian dynasty.
- In the poem
- First at A6.15, The Birth of Manuchehr; last at E8.5, The Death of Khosrow Parviz
- Named
- 147 times, in 72 sections (including 86 where the name may belong to Qobad, Qobad (Pirooz’s son))
- Main stories
- D11 Short Reigns and a Crisis with Khoshnavaz (19); B3 Kay Qobad (16); E8 Shiruyeh’s Coup and the End of the Great Reign (14)
- Children
- Kavus, Arash, Pashin, Kay Armin
- Plates
- Vol I: IV, Vol I: V

In the poem’s own words
Manuchehr Marches for Vengeance
The enemy crosses the Jihun, and Fereydoon sends Manuchehr out with Gharan in the van. The vast army marches from Tammisheh with its elephants. Tur taunts Manuchehr as a king born of a daughter, and Manuchehr vows to take his head.
- A6.19.32He gave the left to Gashasb for the fight,And Sahm with Qobad marshaled on the right.
- A6.19.36Qobad led forth the vanguard, scouts in hand;The ambush chief sprang from Taliman’s band.
- A6.19.41Once more Qobad rode out beyond the line;Tur saw him there and charged with dark design.
Rostam Brings Kay Qobad from Alborz
Rostam rides to Alborz, breaking through the Turanian outposts, and finds a young prince feasting by a stream who turns out to be Kay Qobad. Qobad tells of a dream of falcons bearing a crown. On the way back Rostam kills Kulun, and he brings Qobad secretly to Zal.
- B2.4.37I seek Kay Qobad; show me where to ride,And point the road that leads me to his side.”
- B2.4.40Said Rostam: “One of Fereydoon’s just line,Kay Qobad, whose justice is his sign.”
- B2.4.44At that, bold Rostam, swift as wind, stepped down,For now the road to Qobad had been found.
Pashang Sues Kay Qobad for Peace
Pashang writes to Kay Qobad offering peace on the basis of Fereydoon’s ancient division of the world, with the Jihun as the frontier. Qobad accepts and the Turanians withdraw. Despite Rostam’s protest, the Shah rewards his champions and gives Rostam the rule of Nimruz.
- B3.4.7Hear me, O Kay Qobad, renowned in might,And mark these words of kingship and of right.
- B3.4.23If Qobad heeds these words of tempered mind,The wise do not turn from the path aligned.
- B3.4.29The envoy entered Shah Qobad’s great hall,And laid the gifts and letter before all.
The Reign of Pirooz
Balawsh
Bahram Chubin Reveals His Ambition
Bahram lays his case before his chiefs, who answer in riddles and proverbs. His sister Gurdiyeh breaks in and argues from precedent that no subject has ever taken the crown. The council praises her; Bahram, unmoved, calls for wine and for Esfandiyar’s Seven Stages.
- E5.24.113Although Qobad is young, the child will grow;The wolf must not be placed where lions go.
- E5.24.115When young Qobad reached manhood, fate grew grim;He saw Sofrye stood high in rank by him.
- E5.24.117The army rose against Qobad that day,And set Jamasp upon the throne to stay.
The Intercepted Letter of Bahram Chubin
Bahram writes secretly to Khosrow’s chiefs, urging them to abandon the Sasanian line. His envoy, disguised as a merchant, sees Khosrow’s strength and hands the letters over. Khosrow forges encouraging replies, and Bahram, deceived, ignores his elders and marches to Azar Abadagan.
- E6.23.15You heard what Qobad, with his wicked will,Brought on Sofrye, and how he served him ill.
- E6.23.16He freed Qobad from fetters, grief, and woe;Qobad repaid him as a mortal foe.
- E6.23.17When treacherous Qobad at last grew strong,He cast all virtue off and turned to wrong.
Shiruyeh Takes the Throne
Crowned as Qobad, Shiruyeh promises justice and sends Ashtad and Kharrad Barzin to Tisfoon with a written charge against his father. Galinush admits them. A quince rolls from Khosrow’s cushion to the floor; he reads his house’s ruin in it, hears the charges out, and answers with a rebuke.
- E8.1.5Qobad replied, “Be conquering and blessed;May happiness within your hearts find rest.
- E8.1.18Qobad perceived the choice in every glance:Ashtad was one, well versed in circumstance.
- E8.1.20Qobad addressed them: “O experienced men,Wise chiefs who know how Fortune turns, and when,
All 72 sections that name Qobad
- A6.15 The Birth of Manuchehr
- A6.19 Manuchehr Marches for Vengeance
- B2.3 Zal Leads Iran against Afrasiab
- B2.4 Rostam Brings Kay Qobad from Alborz
- B3.1 Kay Qobad Takes the Throne
- B3.2 Rostam Fights Afrasiab
- B3.3 Afrasiab Goes to His Father
- B3.4 Pashang Sues Kay Qobad for Peace
- B3.5 Kay Qobad Goes to Istakhr of Pars
- B4.1 The Reign of Kay Kavus, His Sitting upon the Throne, and His Intent to March to Mazandaran
- B4.2 Zal Counsels Kay Kavus
- B5.6 Rostam Fights the Div Arzhang
- B6.2 Kavus Seeks Sudabeh’s Hand
- B8.13 Kavus’s Anger at Rostam
- B9.28 Siavash Consults Bahram and Zangeh
- B9.31 Siavash Yields Command to Bahram
- B9.34 Siavash Weds Piran’s Daughter
- B9.36 Piran Counsels Afrasiab
- B9.57 The Birth of Kay Khosrow
- B10.15 Gudarz’s Dream of Kay Khosrow
- B10.17 Giv Finds Kay Khosrow
- B10.27 Giv Confronts the Toll-Man
- B10.29 Kay Khosrow Reaches Isfahan
- B11.8 Kay Khosrow Inspects the Army
- B12.5 Bahram Meets Forood on the Mountain
- B12.6 Bahram Returns to Tus
- B12.9 Tus Battles Forood
- B13.15 Khosrow Learns of His Army’s Plight
- C3.10 Houman Challenges Fariborz
- C3.21 Gudarz Replies to Piran
- C4.2 Kay Khosrow Musters against Afrasiab
- C4.19 Afrasiab Sends Jahan to Khosrow
- C4.51 Zal Admonishes Kay Khosrow
- C4.58 Giv Receives Khosrow’s Patent
- C4.59 Tus Receives Khosrow’s Patent
- C8.3 Goshtasb Replies to His Son
- C8.6 Esfandiyar Sends Bahman to Rostam
- C8.9 Rostam Answers Esfandiyar
- C8.16 Esfandiyar Vaunts His Lineage
- C8.17 Rostam Boasts of His Valor
- C8.20 Zal Advises Rostam
- C9.4 The Death of Rostam
- D1.4 Bahman Releases Zal
- D6.1 Praise for Mahmud
- D6.2 The Tribal Kings
- D10.10 Bahram Finds the Treasures of Jamshid
- D10.16 A Bramble-Grubber Reveals Farshidvard’s Guilt
- D10.27 Shangul Answers Bahram’s Letter
- D10.29 Shangul Detains Bahram in Hind
- D11.3 The Reign of Pirooz
- D11.4 Balawsh
- D13.3 Anooshirvan’s Decree of Justice
- D13.9 Anooshirvan’s Letter to Caesar
- E3.4 Anooshirvan’s Counsel to Hormizd
- E4.1 Anooshirvan Prepares to March on Rum
- E4.6 Anooshirvan’s Parting Counsel to Hormizd
- E5.24 Bahram Chubin Reveals His Ambition
- E6.12 The Plot against Bahram Chubin
- E6.14 Caesar’s Horseman Comes to Khosrow
- E6.17 Khosrow Receives Caesar’s Second Letter
- E6.18 Khosrow Replies on the Alliance
- E6.23 The Intercepted Letter of Bahram Chubin
- E6.29 Maryam Reconciles Niyatus and Bandvi
- E6.30 Khosrow Rewards Niyatus and the Romans
- E6.36 Kharrad’s Mission to the Khan
- E6.51 The Ordering of Khosrow’s Realm
- E6.52 The Ill-Omened Birth of Shiruyeh
- E7.10 Shiruyeh Is Released
- E7.11 Shiruyeh Sends Khosrow to Tisfoon
- E8.1 Shiruyeh Takes the Throne
- E8.2 Khosrow Parviz Answers Shiruyeh
- E8.5 The Death of Khosrow Parviz
Family
- Children
- Kavus, Arash, Pashin, Kay Armin
On the maps
A6.19Manuchehr Marches for Vengeance
B2.4Rostam Fetches Kay Qobad from the Alborz; Turan Driven Back over the Jihun
B3.4The Peace of the Jihun
B9.31–B9.32Siavash Crosses the Jihun into Exile
B10.15–B10.29Giv's Seven-Year Quest and the Flight Home across the Jihun
C4.2–C4.14Kay Khosrow's Last Offensive and the Crossing of the Jihun
D11.3.2–D11.3.4Pirooz's Disaster against Khoshnavaz
D13.3, D13.2Anooshirvan's Just OrderWhere the name appears
More in the Glossary and the index of characters.
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